75th Conference on Glass Problems

A Collection of Papers Presented at the 75th Conference on Glass Problems Greater Columbus Convention Center Columbus, Ohio November 3–6, 2014

Edited by

S. K. Sundaram

Copyright © 2015 by The American Ceramic Society. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
Published simultaneously in Canada.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.

ISBN: 978-1-119-11747-6
ISBN: 978-1-119-11748-3 (special edition)
ISSN: 0196-6219

CONTENTS

FOREWORD

PREFACE

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

GLASS MELTING

CHAPTER 1: EFFECT OF DISSOLVED WATER ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODA-LIME-SILICATE GLASSES

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

NOTE

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 2: COMPARISON OF SEM/EDX ANALYSIS TO PETROGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES FOR IDENTIFYING THE COMPOSITION OF STONES IN GLASS

INTRODUCTION:

METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

SUMMMARY OF RESULTS

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

CONCLUSIONS

CAUTIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES:

FORMING

CHAPTER 3: MULTI GOB WEIGHT PRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

DEVELOPMENT

STANDALONE APPLICATION

TEST RESULTS

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 4: CLOSED LOOP CONTROL OF GLASS CONTAINER FORMING

INTRODUCTION – THE NEED FOR CLOSED LOOP CONTROL

CHALLENGES FOR CLOSED LOOP CONTROL OF FORMING PROCESS

CLOSED LOOP CONTROL OF PARISON FORMING - PLUNGER UP CONTROL

CLOSED LOOP CONTROL OF BLANK SIDE THERMAL PROCESS - BLANK COOLING CONTROL

RESULTS

OVERALL PERFORMANCE

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 5: HARD GLASS - COMMERCIAL PROGRESS OF THERMALLY STRENGTHENED CONTAINER GLASS

INTRODUCTION

PROCESS DETAILS - THE HEATING CYCLE

PROCESS DETAILS - THE COOLING CYCLE

IMPROVED DURABILITY

LOOP TEST RESULTS CONDUCTED IN THE LABORATORY

ACTUAL FILLING LINE RESULTS

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

CHAPTER 6: OXYGEN ENHANCED NOX REDUCTION (OENR) TECHNOLOGY FOR GLASS FURNACES

INTRODUCTION

OENR PRINCIPLE: STAGED COMBUSTION TO REDUCE NOX EMISSIONS

OENR MODELLING

CROSS-FIRED FLOAT GLASS FURNACE APPLICATION

END-PORT FURNACE APPLICATION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 7: U.S. AIR REGULATIONS INVOLVING GLASS MANUFACTURING

INTRODUCTION

BASICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RULEMAKING

CLEAN AIR ACT, PART 70 – TITLE V AIR PERMITS [1]

U.S. EPA MENU OF CONTROL MEASURES [3]

NATIONAL EMISSIONS STANDARDS, HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS, NESHAPS [4]

NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS, NAAQS [6]

GREENHOUSE GAS REGULATIONS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 8: NEW COMBUSTION TECHNIQUE FOR REDUCING NOx AND CO₂ EMISSIONS FROM A GLASS FURNACE

INTRODUCTION

MODELLING

PILOT TESTING

INDUSTRIAL TESTING

INDUSTRIAL TESTING RESULTS – END-FIRED FURNACES

CROSS-FIRED INDUSTRIAL FURNACE TESTING

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY: FLUE GAS TREATMENT AND PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICAL POWER IN THE GLASS INDUSTRY

INTRODUCTION

THE HEAT RECOVERY NEEDS

THE FLUE GAS TREATMENT TEMPERATURE NEEDS

CORROSION AND STACK PROTECTION

TYPICAL HR+FGT LINES

CONCLUSIONS

CHAPTER 10: OPTIMELT™ REGENERATIVE THERMO-CHEMICAL HEAT RECOVERY FOR OXY-FUEL GLASS FURNACES

INTRODUCTION

OPTIMELTTM HEAT RECOVERY PROCESS

SUMMARY OF PREVIOUS DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS

DESCRIPTION OF THE DEMONSTRATION SITE

SITE CONSTRUCTION AND PREPARATION

INSTALLATION OF REFRACTORY CORROSION SAMPLES

TCR REGENERATOR HEAT-UP AND PROCESS STARTUP

PROCESS OPTIMIZATION

SUMMARY AND FURTHER WORK

REFERENCES

REFRACTORIES

CHAPTER 11: WEAR OF BASIC REFRACTORIES IN GLASS TANK REGENERATORS

INTRODUCTION

LITERATURE REVIEW OF V₂O₅ ATTACK ON BASIC REFRACTORIES IN GLASS TANK REGENERATORS

REACTIVITY OF CAO IN THE BOND PHASE OF BASIC REGENERATOR REFRACTORIES IN THE PRESENCE OF SODIUM SULFATE

POST-MORTEM EXAMINATION AFTER USE IN GLASS TANK REGENERATORS

SIMULATIVE REGENERATOR TESTING

RESULTS OF SIMULATIVE CHECKER TESTING

SIMILARITY TO BASIC REFRACTORIES USED IN THE CEMENT INDUSTRY

ATTACK OF MAGNESIA-ZIRCON BRICK BY Na₂O

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 12: MODERN AND COMPETITIVE REGENERATOR DESIGNS FOR GLASS INDUSTRY

INTRODUCTION

IMPORTANCE OF A REGENERATIVE SYSTEM

GENERAL PRINCIPLE FOR CHAMBER DIMENSIONING

CHOICE OF CHECKERS' DESIGN

CHOICE OF MATERIALS FOR CHAMBER AND CHECKERS

CONCLUSION

SENSORS AND CONTROL

CHAPTER 13: DETECTION OF EARLY STAGE GLASS PENETRATION AND WEAK REFRACTORY SPOTS ON FURNACE WALLS

INTRODUCTION

TOMOGRAPHIC SENSOR FOR EARLY STAGE GLASS PENETRATION DETECTION

GLASS PENETRATION MEASUREMENT STUDIES

INTEGRATED SELF-MONITORING SMART FURNACE TECHNOLOGY

CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK

CHAPTER 14: FAST AND OBJECTIVE MEASUREMENT OF RESIDUAL STRESSES IN GLASS

INTRODUCTION

PRINCIPLE OF MEASUREMENT [1]

CONVENTIONAL MEASUREMENT

AUTOMATIC MEASUREMENT

MEASUREMENT OF OPTICAL GLASS

OPTIMIZATION OF THE ANNEALING PROCESS

CORD STRESS MEASUREMENT

MEASUREMENT OF TUBULAR GLASS

MEASUREMENT IN REAL-TIME

GAGE R&R ANALYSIS

CONCLUSION

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