Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright

Preface

Part 1: Imagining the Class of 2030

Chapter 1: The Quiet Crisis

The Sorry State of Reading Today

What's Holding Us Back

Notes

Chapter 2: What to Make of Media?

Early Learning and Screen Media: Content and Context Matters

How Young Is Too Young?

Tapping into Diversity: An American Opportunity

Marrying Reading and Media

Envisioning Readialand

Notes

Chapter 3: How Reading Happens

Learning to Read: Knowledge + Skills

Language and Cultural Assets Are Not Literacy Deficits

Notes

Chapter 4: From Literacy to Literacies

The New Literacies

Teaching New Literacies to Young Children: A Work in Progress

Scouts for New Literacies in Early Education

Notes

Chapter 5: Paving a Path to Readialand

Lessons from Sesame Street

Notes

Part 2: Surveying the New Literacy Landscape

Chapter 6: The Apps Explosion: What's in the Store?

Finding the “Good Stuff”

Pioneering Literacy in the Digital Wild West

Where Are the Experts?

Missing Opportunities: Apps and the Knowledge Gap

Teaching Strategies in Today's Literacy Apps

Culling the Developers

Facing the New Frontier

Curators: Scouts for Digital Gold

Notes

Chapter 7: E-books: When Print Comes Alive

What to Watch For in Children's E-books

Highlighting Print on Screen

Who (or What) Is Doing the Scaffolding?

Scaling Up: Just the Beginning

Learning Together: E-books Plus

Notes

Chapter 8: From Talking Toys to Watson: Dreaming Up Tech for Tomorrow's Readers

An Evolutionary Shift?

Next Gen Literacy Tools

Notes

Part 3: The Pioneers

Chapter 9: Why Adults Still Matter Most

Global Experiments, Sans Educators

Tapping Into America's Pioneers

Notes

Chapter 10: A Different Kind of Screen Time

Promoting Dialogic Reading

Using Video to Help Parents Rethink the “Always On” TV

Modeling with Ready Rosie

Learning Together: Verbal Interactions Prompted by the Screen

Notes

Chapter 11: Nudged toward Conversational Duets

Digital Taps and Behavioral Nudges

Texting for Modern-Day Parents

Encouragement via Broadcast TV: Univision and Too Small to Fail

A FitBit for Words and Conversations

Notes

Chapter 12: Science, Social Studies, and More: The Knowledge Readers Need

Joint Media Engagement and Knowledge Building

Making Meaning in Maine

Tools for Building Knowledge

Notes

Chapter 13: An Expanding Universe of Reading Partners

Unusual Tutors at H. D. Cooke Elementary

Media Mentors

Notes

Chapter 14: Developing Focused Attention and Motivation

Executive Functioning: The Hot New Science of Early Learning

Learning from Harry

Getting Over the Slump

Notes

Chapter 15: Paper and Print? Yes

Making Literacy Visible Everywhere You Look

The Story of First Book

Mixing Media, Including Print on Paper

Notes

Part 4: Homesteading for the Next Generation

Chapter 16: What Educators, Parents, Developers, and Policymakers Can Do

Taking Stock: We Are Stuck

Calling On America's Leaders

What Educators Can Do

What Parents Can Do

What Developers Can Do

Twelve Actions Policymakers Should Take Now

Conclusion

Notes

Resources

About the Authors

Acknowledgments

Bibliography

Index

End User License Agreement

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Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

Imagining the Class of 2030

The Quiet Crisis

List of Illustrations

Chapter 6: The Apps Explosion: What's in the Store?

Figure 6.1 Age Ranges Mentioned in App Descriptions in Our Sample.

Figure 6.2 Target Age Ranges for Language/Literacy Apps in Our Sample.

Figure 6.3 Prices of Top-Paid and Awarded Apps in Our Sample.

Figure 6.4 Most Common Language/Literacy Skills Targeted in Apps in Our Sample.

Figure 6.5 Most Common Teaching Strategies in App Descriptions in Our Sample.

Figure 6.6 Percent of Apps in Our Sample That Provide Development Team Information.

Chapter 16: What Educators, Parents, Developers, and Policymakers Can Do

Figure 16.1 Actions Taken as a Result of Educational Media.

Figure 16.2 Mobile, Cable, and Online Access, by Income.

Figure 16.3 Daily Users of Educational Media, by Platform and Income.

List of Tables

Chapter 6: The Apps Explosion: What's in the Store?

Table 6.1 Eleven Apps That Made the Cut in Our Sample in Both Categories: Popular and Award-Winning

Advance Praise for Tap, Click, Read

“In the complex field of kids media, Lisa Guernsey and Michael Levine have written an important and digestible book filled with key insights, cutting-edge research, and suggestions that all parents should heed. As someone who's immersed in this world, I can't think of two better people to shed light on interactive technology and digital learning. Tap, Click, Read is a must-read for all parents, teachers, and those who care about kids.”

—James P. Steyer, founder and CEO, Common Sense Media

“A thoughtful look beneath the hood of the ‘quiet crisis’ of children's reading and into a world that's at once more fascinating, more nuanced, and more promising than most of us imagined. This book will be essential reading for parents, educators, developers, and policymakers for a generation.”

—Greg Toppo, national reporter, USA Today, author The Game Believes in You

“Tap, Click, Read is about connecting all children to rich interactive digital learning networks, mindful clicking and playing, and the powers of traditional literacy and new digital literacies when they are mixed and melded. It transcends the old ‘Is it good or bad?’ debate around digital and social media and gets to the heart of the matter: How we can make old literacy and new media work for all kids in the service of a better world? It is a crucial read for teachers, parents, policymakers, and concerned citizens.”

—James Paul Gee, PhD, professor, Arizona State University, author, Literacy and Education

“Explore, inquire, reflect! Guernsey and Levine remind us that reading remains central to the learning process, moving us past fear of the techno-drug to model thoughtful, directed media use that can build receptive and expressive communication skills, enlarge children's worlds and enhance their learning. Tap, Click, Read is our back-to-the-future guidebook to educating a smarter, kinder generation.”

—Michael Rich, MD, MPH, “The Mediatrician,” founder and director of the Center on Media and Child Health, Boston Children's Hospital, and associate professor of pediatrics, Harvard Medical School

“Amazingly comprehensive, admirably concise, and altogether compelling, Tap, Click, Read is an unequalled guidebook for families and educators. Guernsey and Levine have combined their unique skills and vantage points to mine the world of research on reading and digital technology. The result is a convincing case for the vital role of parents in scaffolding children's literacy, coupled with advice and resources that will enable parents to fulfill that responsibility.”

—Joe Blatt, EdM, Faculty Director, Technology, Innovation, and Education, Harvard Graduate School of Education

“Tap, Click, Read is a truly readable, interesting, and informative book about technology for promoting (not displacing!) literacy, language, and thought. Better still, it is complete with take-homes for parents, teachers, and policymakers. I love this book!”

—Marilyn Jager Adams, PhD, visiting scholar, Cognitive, Linguistic & Psychological Sciences Department, Brown University

“If you want to know the latest about the new world of media and technology and its potential for young children's literacy development, this is the book for you. Simply the best book on the topic! Highly readable, highly informative, it is a must-read for parents, educators, and policymakers.”

—Susan B Neuman, PhD, co-author, Giving Our Children A Fighting Chance, professor and chair of the Teaching and Learning Department at the Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development at New York University, former assistant secretary, US Department of Education

“This excellent book provides a clarion call and a blueprint for change: rapidly advancing technology is the difference maker for a level learning field for early learning and lifelong literacy. Tap, Click, Read provides the evidence, the scalable models, and a fresh national strategy to ensure that every child gets a fair shot at success in a digital age.”

—Bev Purdue, former governor, North Carolina, and chair, Digital Learning Institute

“For everyone who cares about helping children make the most of today's digital world, Tap, Click, Read is the most comprehensive review of what we know about learning in this age of screen technologies. It is smart, accessible, and compelling!”

—Ellen Wartella, PhD, Al-Thani Professor of Communication, professor of psychology, and professor of human development and social policy at Northwestern University

“In this digital wild west, Guernsey and Levine are the Lewis and Clark of our time, mapping the best trails for venturesome parents and educators. They strike the perfect tone as guides for this challenging terrain: patient, optimistic, and knowledgeable. Tap, Click, Read helps us see how we got here and arms us to create a better future.”

—Milton Chen, PhD, senior fellow, George Lucas Educational Foundation

“As someone committed to preparing the next generation of leaders—and as a parent—I am delighted that this truly excellent book honors technology for the great potential it has. Tap, Click, Read lays out a winning game plan to meet kids where they are, using technology to help them understand the interconnected world in which they live.”

—Gary E. Knell, president & CEO of the National Geographic Society

“We're living through the early stages of a learning revolution with lots of hope and hype—particularly in early learning. The two best sources of wisdom in this space are Sesame Workshop and New America. Tap, Click, Read is the best review of the new literacy landscape available. It's packed with practical advice and examples and videos for parents and educators. Cut through the hype, make sense of the app explosion: get this book!”

—Tom Vander Ark, CEO/partner, Getting Smart, and former executive director of education at the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

“Digital education is the wild west. This book changes everything. It gives us a clear and conversational road map (including great videos) to inform decisions at home with our own children, in schools and libraries, and at the national level. Tap, Click, Read should be required reading.”

—Kyle Zimmer, CEO, First Book

“In Tap, Click, Read, literacy pioneers Lisa Guernsey and Michael Levine invite educators, parents, and media makers to join them in “Readialand”—a place where the traditional literacies of reading, writing, and speaking meet technology at the intersection of child development, early learning, and digital media. Even as they identify and describe technology-mediated, evidence-based, and developmentally informed products and practices, they remind us that what matters most for growing 21st century readers is the convergence of innovative tools and interventions with ‘human-powered’ interactions and relationships between young children, parents and educators.”

—Chip Donohue, PhD, director, TEC Center at Erikson Institute

“Mil gracias—a thousand thanks for imagining the class of 2030 in this superb book. The honest, asset-based, and practical view of ‘equity in a new age’ breaks new ground, especially for Latino families. Times have changed but some constants are forever—parents will always aspire and work hard so that their children can have a better future. Reading is key! Tap, Click, Read is an excellent resource that demystifies what works, what's most important, and what's possible now.”

—Sandra Gutierrez, executive director, Abriendo Puertas (Open Doors)

“For anyone committed to increasing social equity, this book is a provocative and inspiring guide, illuminating how the rapidly changing sea of media and technologies surrounding us both creates and dissolves hurdles for people and communities struggling with access to opportunity. Guernsey and Levine invite—and challenge—readers to embrace a new role as co-creators at its dawn of an innovative learning ecosystem that can transform our ability to create children who succeed as the readers, thinkers, and learners of tomorrow.”

—Kim Syman, managing partner, New Profit

“Teachers, parents, and anyone interested in the potential role of interactive technology for children's learning will find that this book covers all of the important issues exceptionally well. Tap, Click Read's descriptions of new creative, cutting edge efforts is especially illuminating and exciting.”

—Barry Zuckerman, MD FAAP, professor of pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine

“An invaluable resource for any parent, educator or policymaker interested in harnessing the potential and power of media and new technologies to support young children's learning.”

—Diana Mendley Rauner, PhD, president, Ounce of Prevention Fund

Tap, Click, Read

Growing Readers in a World of Screens

Lisa Guernsey and Michael H. Levine

Copyright © 2015 by Lisa Guernsey and Michael H. Levine. All rights reserved.

Published by Jossey-Bass

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Guernsey, Lisa, author.

Tap, click, read : growing readers in a world of screens / Lisa Guernsey and Michael H. Levine.

1 online resource.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher; resource not viewed.

ISBN 978-1-119-09175-2 (pdf) – ISBN 978-1-119-09200-1 (epub) – ISBN 978-1-119-09189-9 (paper/dvd) 1. Computers and literacy. 2. Literacy–Study and teaching (Elementary) I. Levine, Michael H., author. II. Title.

LC149.5

372.60285–dc23

2015022714

Cover design by Wiley

Cover image: © LWA/Dan Tardif/Getty Images

FIRST EDITION

Preface

We should start by telling you what this book is not. This book is not about how children learn to read (though we do highlight some essentials on that subject). Nor is it about how to teach children to learn to read (though we hope it sparks some ideas). This is a book with technology coursing through every page, but it is not a book about how digital media and new technologies will rescue schools and save the world. Nor, however, is it a book about how those technologies are destroying any good chance of raising readers for the next generation.

So what is it? This book presents a third way, an approach to technology that is driven by the urgent need for all children and parents to have access to the same twenty-first-century literacy opportunities already at the fingertips of today's affluent families. We worry that without pushing for better quality within, and access to, learning environments that harness media, low-income households will get the short end of the stick. Our firm commitment in writing this book is to stimulate a more informed debate about equity in a new age: we cannot allow technology to exacerbate social inequality instead of opening more opportunities for everyone to succeed.

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