Contents

Cover

Half Title page

Title page

Copyright page

Preface

Chapter 1: The Building Site

1.02 Building in Context

1.03 Sustainability

1.04 Green Building

1.05 Leed® Green Building Rating System

1.06 The 2030 Challenge

1.07 Site Analysis

1.08 Soils

1.09 Soil Mechanics

1.10 Topography

1.11 Topography

1.12 Plant Materials

1.13 Trees

1.14 Solar Radiation

1.15 Solar Radiation

1.16 Passive Solar Design

1.17 Passive Solar Design

1.18 Solar Shading

1.19 Daylighting

1.20 Precipitation

1.21 Site Drainage

1.22 Wind

1.23 Sound & Views

1.24 Regulatory Factors

1.25 Zoning Ordinances

1.26 Site Access & Circulation

1.27 Pedestrian Circulation

1.28 Vehicular Circulation

1.29 Vehicular Parking

1.30 Slope Protection

1.31 Retaining Walls

1.32 Retaining Walls

1.33 Retaining Walls

1.34 Paving

1.35 Paving

1.36 The Site Plan

1.37 The Site Plan

1.38 Site Description

Chapter 2: The Building

2.02 The Building

2.03 Building Systems

2.04 Building Systems

2.05 Building Codes

2.06 Types Of Construction

2.07 Occupancy Classification

2.08 Loads on Buildings

2.09 Wind Loads

2.10 Earthquake Loads

2.11 Structural Forces

2.12 Structural Equilibrium

2.13 Columns

2.14 Beams

2.15 Beam Spans

2.16 Trusses

2.17 Frames & Walls

2.18 Plate Structures

2.19 Structural Units

2.20 Structural Spans

2.21 Structural Patterns

2.22 Lateral Stability

2.23 Lateral Stability

2.24 High-Rise Structures

2.25 Arches & Vaults

2.26 Domes

2.27 Shell Structures

2.28 Cable Structures

2.29 Membrane Structures

2.30 Joints & Connections

Chapter 3: Foundation Systems

3.02 Foundation Systems

3.03 Foundation Systems

3.04 Types of Foundation Systems

3.05 Types of Foundation Systems

3.06 Underpinning

3.07 Excavation Support Systems

3.08 Shallow Foundations

3.09 Spread Footings

3.10 Foundation Walls

3.11 Foundation Walls

3.12 Foundation Walls

3.13 Foundation Walls

3.14 Foundation Walls

3.15 Foundation Walls

3.16 Column Footings

3.17 Foundations on Sloping Ground

3.18 Concrete Slabs on Grade

3.19 Concrete Slabs on Grade

3.20 Concrete Slabs on Grade

3.21 Concrete Slabs on Grade

3.22 Pole Foundations

3.23 Pole Foundations

3.24 Deep Foundations

3.25 Pile Foundations

3.26 Caisson Foundations

Chapter 4: Floor Systems

4.02 Floor Systems

4.03 Floor Systems

4.04 Concrete Beams

4.05 Concrete Slabs

4.06 Concrete Slabs

4.07 Concrete Slabs

4.08 Prestressed Concrete

4.09 Prestressed Concrete

4.10 Concrete Formwork & Shoring

4.11 Precast Concrete Floor Systems

4.12 Precast Concrete Units

4.13 Precast Concrete Connections

4.14 Structural Steel Framing

4.15 Structural Steel Framing

4.16 Steel Beams

4.17 Steel Beam Connections

4.18 Steel Beam Connections

4.19 Open-Web Steel Joists

4.20 Open-Web Joist Framing

4.21 Open-Web Joist Framing

4.22 Metal Decking

4.23 Light-Gauge Steel Joists

4.24 Light-Gauge Joist Framing

4.25 Light-Gauge Joist Framing

4.26 Wood Joists

4.27 Wood Joists

4.28 Wood Joist Framing

4.29 Wood Joist Framing

4.30 Wood Joist Framing

4.31 Wood Joist Framing

4.32 Wood Subflooring

4.33 Prefabricated Joists & Trusses

4.34 Prefabricated Joists & Trusses

4.35 Wood Beams

4.36 Wood Beam Supports

4.37 Wood Post-Beam Connections

4.38 Wood Plank-and-Beam Framing

4.39 Wood Plank-and-Beam Framing

4.40 Wood Decking

Chapter 5: Wall Systems

5.02 Wall Systems

5.03 Wall Systems

5.04 Concrete Columns

5.05 Concrete Columns

5.06 Concrete Walls

5.07 Concrete Formwork

5.08 Concrete Formwork

5.09 Concrete Surfacing

5.10 Precast Concrete Walls

5.11 Precast Concrete Wall Panels & Columns

5.12 Precast Concrete Connections

5.13 Tilt-Up Construction

5.14 Masonry Walls

5.15 Masonry Walls

5.16 Unreinforced Masonry Walls

5.17 Unreinforced Masonry Walls

5.18 Reinforced Masonry Walls

5.19 Masonry Columns & Pilasters

5.20 Masonry Arches

5.21 Masonry Lintels

5.22 Expansion & Control Joints

5.23 Masonry Wall Sections

5.24 Masonry Wall Sections

5.25 Masonry Wall Sections

5.26 Masonry Bonding

5.27 Masonry Bonding

5.28 Structural Clay Tile

5.29 Glass Block

5.30 Glass Block

5.31 Adobe Construction

5.32 Rammed-Earth Construction

5.33 Stone Masonry

5.34 Stone Masonry

5.35 Structural Steel Framing

5.36 Structural Steel Framing

5.37 Steel Columns

5.38 Steel Columns

5.39 Light-Gauge Steel Studs

5.40 Light-Gauge Stud Framing

5.41 Balloon Framing

5.42 Platform Framing

5.43 Wood Stud Framing

5.44 Wood Stud Framing

5.45 Wood Stud Framing

5.46 Stud Wall Sheathing

5.47 Wood Columns

5.48 Wood Post-and-Beam Framing

5.49 Wood Post-Beam Connections

5.50 Wood Post-Beam Connections

Chapter 6: Roof Systems

6.02 Roof Systems

6.03 Roof Slopes

6.04 Reinforced Concrete Roof Slabs

6.05 Precast Concrete Roof Systems

6.06 Structural Steel Roof Framing

6.07 Steel Rigid Frames

6.08 Steel Trusses

6.09 Truss Types

6.10 Space Frames

6.11 Space Frames

6.12 Open-Web Steel Joists

6.13 Open-Web Joist Framing

6.14 Metal Roof Decking

6.15 Cementitious Roof Planks

6.16 Rafter Framing

6.17 Rafter Framing

6.18 Light-Gauge Roof Framing

6.19 Wood Rafters

6.20 Wood Rafter Framing

6.21 Wood Rafter Framing

6.22 Wood Rafter Framing

6.23 Roof Sheathing

6.24 Wood Plank-and-Beam Framing

6.25 Wood Plank-and-Beam Framing

6.26 Wood Post-Beam Connections

6.27 Wood Post-Beam Connections

6.28 Wood Trusses

6.29 Wood Trusses

6.30 Wood Trussed Rafters

Chapter 7: Moisture & Thermal Protection

7.02 Moisture & Thermal Protection

7.03 Underlayment for Shingle Roofing

7.04 Wood Shingles

7.05 Wood Shakes

7.06 Composition Shingles

7.07 Slate Shingles

7.08 Tile Roofing

7.09 Vegetated Roofing

7.10 Corrugated Metal Roofing

7.11 Sheet Metal Roofing

7.12 Flat Roof Assemblies

7.13 Flat Roof Assemblies

7.14 Built-Up Roofing Systems

7.15 Single-Ply Roofing Systems

7.16 Single-Ply Roofing Systems

7.17 Roof Drainage

7.18 Flashing

7.19 Roof Flashing

7.20 Roof Flashing

7.21 Flashing Roof Penetrations

7.22 Wall Flashing

7.23 Rainscreen Wall Systems

7.24 Curtain Walls

7.25 Curtain Walls

7.26 Curtain Walls

7.27 Precast Concrete Panels

7.28 Masonry Veneer

7.29 Masonry Veneer

7.30 Stone Veneer

7.31 Metal Cladding

7.32 Plywood Siding

7.33 Wood Shingle Siding

7.34 Horizontal Board Siding

7.35 Vertical Board Siding

7.36 Stucco

7.37 Stucco Details

7.38 Exterior Insulation & Finish Systems

7.39 Thermal Insulation

7.40 Thermal Resistance of Building Materials

7.41 Insulating Materials

7.42 Insulating Materials

7.43 Insulating Roofs & Floors

7.44 Insulating Walls

7.45 Moisture Control

7.46 Vapor Retarders

7.47 Ventilation

7.48 Movement Joints

7.49 Movement Joints

7.50 Joint Sealants

Chapter 8: Doors & Windows

8.02 Doors & Windows

8.03 Doors & Doorways

8.04 Door Operation

8.05 Hollow Metal Doors

8.06 Hollow Metal Doorframes

8.07 Hollow Metal Doorframes

8.08 Wood Flush Doors

8.09 Wood Rail & Stile Doors

8.10 Wood Doorframes

8.11 Sliding Glass Doors

8.12 Folding & Pocket Sliding Doors

8.13 Overhead & Coiling Doors

8.14 Glass Entrance Doors

8.15 Storefronts

8.16 Revolving Doors

8.17 Door Hardware

8.18 Door Hinges

8.19 Door Locksets

8.20 Panic Hardware & Closers

8.21 Weatherstripping & Thresholds

8.22 Window Elements

8.23 Window Operation

8.24 Metal Windows

8.25 Metal Windows

8.26 Wood Windows

8.27 Wood Windows

8.28 Glazing Systems

8.29 Glazing Systems

8.30 Insulating Glass

8.31 Glazed Curtain Walls

8.32 Glazed Curtain Walls

8.33 Glazed Curtain Walls

8.34 Glazed Curtain Walls

8.35 Double-Skin Facades

8.36 Skylights

8.37 Skylight Details

8.38 Sunspaces

Chapter 9: Special Construction

9.02 Special Construction

9.03 Stair Design

9.04 Stair Requirements

9.05 Stair Requirements

9.06 Stair Plans

9.07 Stair Plans

9.08 Wood Stairs

9.09 Wood Stairs

9.10 Concrete Stairs

9.11 Steel Stairs

9.12 Spiral Stairs

9.13 Ladders

9.14 Elevators

9.15 Elevators

9.16 Elevators

9.17 Escalators

9.18 Fireplaces

9.19 Fireplace Requirements

9.20 Masonry Chimneys

9.21 Prefabricated Fireplaces & Stoves

9.22 Kitchen Layouts

9.23 Kitchen Dimensions

9.24 Kitchen Cabinets

9.25 The Kitchen Space

9.26 Bathroom Layouts

9.27 Plumbing Fixtures

9.28 Accessible Fixtures

9.29 Accessible Fixtures

9.30 The Bathroom Space

Chapter 10: Finish Work

10.02 Finish Work

10.03 Plaster

10.04 Plaster Lath & Accessories

10.05 Plaster Partition Systems

10.06 Plaster Details

10.07 Plaster Over Masonry

10.08 Plaster Ceilings

10.09 Gypsum Board

10.10 Gypsum Board Application

10.11 Gypsum Board Details

10.12 Ceramic Tile

10.13 Ceramic Tile Applications

10.14 Ceramic Tile Details

10.15 Terrazzo Flooring

10.16 Wood Flooring

10.17 Wood Flooring Installation

10.18 Stone Flooring

10.19 Resilient Flooring

10.20 Carpeting

10.21 Carpeting

10.22 Acoustical Ceiling Tiles

10.23 Suspended Acoustical Ceilings

10.24 Wood Joints

10.25 Wood Joints

10.26 Wood Moldings & Trim

10.27 Wood Moldings & Trim

10.28 Wood Paneling

10.29 Plywood Veneer

10.30 Plastic Laminate

Chapter 11: Mechanical & Electrical Systems

11.02 Mechanical & Electrical Systems

11.03 Thermal Comfort

11.04 Comfort Zone

11.05 Psychrometric Charts

11.06 Heating & Cooling Systems

11.07 Alternative Energy Sources

11.08 Alternative Energy Sources

11.09 Heating & Cooling Loads

11.10 Forced-Air Heating

11.11 Hot-Water Heating

11.12 Electric Heating

11.13 Radiant Heating

11.14 Radiant Heating

11.15 Active Solar Energy Systems

11.16 Cooling Systems

11.17 Hvac Systems

11.18 Hvac Systems

11.19 Hvac Systems

11.20 Hvac Systems

11.21 Air Distribution Outlets

11.22 Water Supply

11.23 Water Supply Systems

11.24 Water Supply Systems

11.25 Fire Protection Systems

11.26 Plumbing Fixtures

11.27 Sanitary Drainage Systems

11.28 Sanitary Drainage Systems

11.29 Sewage Disposal Systems

11.30 Electric Power

11.31 Electrical Service

11.32 Electrical Service

11.33 Electrical Circuits

11.34 Electrical Wiring

11.35 Access Flooring Systems

11.36 Electrical Outlets

11.37 Light

11.38 Light & Vision

11.39 Light Sources

11.40 Light Sources

11.41 Light Sources

11.42 Light Sources

11.43 Luminaires

11.44 Lighting

11.45 Lighting

11.46 Lighting

Chapter 12: Notes on Materials

12.02 Building Materials

12.03 Life-Cycle Assessment

12.04 Concrete

12.05 Concrete

12.06 Masonry

12.07 Masonry

12.08 Steel

12.09 Nonferrous Metals

12.10 Stone

12.11 Wood

12.12 Wood

12.13 Lumber

12.14 Wood Panel Products

12.15 Plastics

12.16 Glass

12.17 Glass Products

12.18 Nails

12.19 Screws & Bolts

12.20 Miscellaneous Fastenings

12.21 Paints & Coatings

12.22 Paints & Coatings

A: Appendix

A.02 Human Dimensions

A.03 ADA Accessibility Guidelines

A.04 Furniture Dimensions

A.05 Furniture Dimensions

A.06 Building Live Loads

A.07 Weights of Materials

A.08 Metric Conversion Factors

A.09 Metric Conversion Factors

A.10 Means of Egress

A.11 Means of Egress

A.12 Fire-Rated Construction

A.13 Fire-Rated Construction

A.14 Acoustics

A.15 Acoustics

A.16 Sound Control

A.17 Sound Control

A.18 Graphic Material Symbols

A.19 CSI Masterformat

A.20 CSI Masterformat

A.21 CSI Masterformat

A.22 CSI Masterformat

A.23 Uniformat II

A.24 Uniformat II

A.25 Uniformat II

A.26 Leed Green Building Rating System

A.27 Professional & Trade Associations

A.28 Professional & Trade Associations

A.29 Professional & Trade Associations

A.30 Professional & Trade Associations

Bibliography

Index

Building Construction Illustrated

Copyright © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey
Published simultaneously in Canada

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with the respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom.

For general information about our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002.

Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Ching, Frank, 1943-
  Building construction illustrated / Francis D. K. Ching. -- Fifth edition.
    pages cm
  Includes index.
   ISBN 978-1-118-45834-1 (pbk.)
  1. Building. 2. House construction. I. Title.
  TH146.C52 2014
  690--dc23
                2013016213

Preface

The first edition of this illustrated guide to building construction appeared in 1975, introducing students and builders of architecture to the fundamental principles that govern how buildings are erected. It marked the emergence of a visual approach to understanding the relationship between design and construction.

In 1991, the second edition provided a more expansive survey of building construction by adding coverage of structural steel, reinforced concrete, and curtain wall systems. The third edition in 2001 remained a comprehensive introduction to the principles underlying building construction while refining the graphic format and organization of the first two editions, incorporating an expanded discussion of structural principles, elements, and systems and referencing the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines and the MasterFormat™ system established by the Constructions Specifications Institute (CSI) for organizing construction information.

The fourth edition in 2008 introduced the LEED® Green Building Rating System™ in Chapter One and referenced specific LEED criteria wherever appropriate; updated section numbers to correspond to the 2004 edition of the CSI MasterFormat™ system; and complied with the requirements of the 2006 edition of the International Building Code®.

A common thread that wove itself through the first four editions and continues in this fifth edition is the attitude that buildings and sites should be planned and developed in an environmentally sensitive manner, responding to context and climate to reduce their reliance on active environmental control systems and the energy they consume. This edition therefore continues to reference the latest edition of the LEED® Green Building Rating System™ criteria and the section numbers of the 2012 CSI MasterFormat™ system wherever appropriate. Many of the changes and additions in this fifth edition, such as updating information in lighting technologies and ways in which to reduce energy usage in buildings, are incremental and often subtle, but together they comprise a continuing commitment to build wisely and sustainably.

It would be nearly impossible to cover all building materials and construction techniques, but the information presented herein should be applicable to most residential and commercial construction situations encountered today. Construction techniques continue to adjust to the development of new building materials, products, and standards. What does not change are the fundamental principles that underlie building elements and the ways in which systems are constructed. This illustrated guide focuses on these principles, which can serve as guideposts when evaluating and applying new information encountered in the planning, design, and construction of a building.

Each building element, component, or system is described in terms of its end use. The specific form, quality, capability, and availability of an element or component will vary with manufacturer and locale. It is therefore important to always follow the manufacturer’s recommendation in the use of a material or product and to pay careful attention to the building code requirements in effect for the use and location of a planned building. It is the user’s responsibility to ascertain the appropriateness of the information contained in this handbook and to judge its fitness for any particular purpose. Seek the expert advice of a professional when needed.

Metric Equivalents

The International System of Units is an internationally accepted system of coherent physical units, using the meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, and candela as the base units of length, mass, time, electric current, temperature, and luminous intensity. To acquaint the reader with the International System of Units, metric equivalents are provided throughout this book according to the following conventions:

All whole numbers in parentheses indicate millimeters unless otherwise noted.

Dimensions 3 inches and greater are rounded to the nearest multiple of 5 millimeters.

Nominal dimensions are directly converted; for example, a nominal 2 × 4 is converted to 51 × 100 even though its actual 1-½" × 3-½" dimensions would be converted to 38 × 90.

Note that 3487 mm = 3.487 m.

In all other cases, the metric unit of measurement is specified.

Refer to the Appendix for metric conversion factors.

Chapter 1

THE BUILDING SITE

1.02   Building in Context

1.03   Sustainability

1.04   Green Building

1.05   LEED® Green Building Rating System

1.06   The 2030 Challenge

1.07   Site Analysis

1.08   Soils

1.09   Soil Mechanics

1.10   Topography

1.12   Plant Materials

1.13   Trees

1.14   Solar Radiation

1.16   Passive Solar Design

1.18   Solar Shading

1.19   Daylighting

1.20   Precipitation

1.21   Site Drainage

1.22   Wind

1.23   Sound & Views

1.24   Regulatory Factors

1.25   Zoning Ordinances

1.26   Site Access & Circulation

1.27   Pedestrian Circulation

1.28   Vehicular Circulation

1.29   Vehicular Parking

1.30   Slope Protection

1.31   Retaining Walls

1.34   Paving

1.36   The Site Plan

1.38   Site Description

1.02 BUILDING IN CONTEXT

Buildings do not exist in isolation. They are conceived to house, support, and inspire a range of human activities in response to sociocultural, economic, and political needs, and are erected in natural and built environments that constrain as well as offer opportunities for development. We should therefore carefully consider the contextual forces that a site presents in planning the design and construction of buildings.

The microclimate, topography, and natural habitat of a site all influence design decisions at a very early stage in the design process. To enhance human comfort as well as conserve energy and material resources, responsive and sustainable design respects the indigenous qualities of a place, adapts the form and layout of a building to the landscape, and takes into account the path of the sun, the rush of the wind, and the flow of water on a site.

In addition to environmental forces, there exist the regulatory forces of zoning ordinances. These regulations take into account existing land-use patterns and prescribe the acceptable uses and activities for a site as well as limit the size and shape of the building mass and where it may be located on the site.

Just as environmental and regulatory factors influence where and how development occurs, the construction, use, and maintenance of buildings inevitably place a demand on transportation systems, utilities, and other services. A fundamental question we face is how much development a site can sustain without exceeding the capacity of these service systems, consuming too much energy, or causing environmental damage.

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!