Contents

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

1.2 How to use this book

1.3 Equipment and instruments

1.4 Health and safety in the dental laboratory

1.5 Sterilisation and impression handling

1.6 Introduction to model making

1.7 Models for prosthodontics – casting primary impressions

1.8 Models for prosthodontics – boxing-in impressions

1.9 Models for prosthodontics – casting working (secondary) impressions

1.10 Models for prosthodontics – models for cobalt-chromium frameworks

1.11 Orthodontic study models

1.12 Introduction to sectional models

1.13 Producing a sectional model using a tray system

1.14 Producing a sectional model using a pinned system

1.15 Sectioning the model

1.16 Introduction to articulating models

1.17 Articulating models on a simple hinge articulator

1.18 Articulating dentate models using the average position

1.19 Articulating edentulous models using the average position

1.20 Articulating models using a facebow

Chapter 2: COMPLETE PROSTHETICS

2.1 Introduction to complete prosthetics

2.2 Construction of a close-fitting custom impression tray

2.3 Construction of a tray with spacer for edentulous cases

2.4 Construction of a tray for dentate or partially dentate cases

2.5 Construction of a windowed close-fitting tray

2.6 Construction of occlusal registration rims

2.7 Setting up denture teeth

2.8 Denture processing

2.9 Grinding and finishing the dentures

2.10 Denture repair

2.11 Relining a denture in the laboratory

2.12 Copy dentures

Chapter 3: PARTIAL PROSTHETICS

3.1 Introduction to partial prosthetics

3.2 Classification

3.3 Component parts of partial dentures

3.4 Surveying

3.5 Designing partial dentures

3.6 Partial denture construction – acrylic resin

3.7 Partial denture construction – cobalt-chromium

Chapter 4: FIXED PROSTHODONTICS

4.1 Restoration design

4.2 Metal restorations

4.3 Ditching the die

4.4 Producing a wax pattern

4.5 Investing the wax pattern

4.6 Casting and de-vesting the pattern

4.7 Finishing the casting

4.8 Metal-ceramic restorations

4.9 Producing a wax pattern for a metal bonded to ceramic framework

4.10 Investing the wax pattern

4.11 Casting the pattern

4.12 De-vesting and surface preparation

4.13 Ceramic application and build-up

4.14 Ceramic restorations

4.15 Producing a high-strength ceramic substructure

4.16 Veneering a high-strength ceramic substructure

4.17 Producing a resin-bonded crown on a refractory die

4.18 Post crowns

4.19 Bridges

4.20 Producing a cast metal fixed-fixed restoration

4.21 Producing a soldered metal fixed-fixed restoration

4.22 Soldering

4.23 Minimal preparation bridges

4.24 Producing a minimal preparation bridge (Maryland technique)

4.25 CEREC CAD-CAM

4.26 CEREC – producing a single-unit substructure

4.27 CEREC – producing a posterior single-unit substructure or restoration using a reduction technique

4.28 CEREC – producing a bridge substructure

4.29 Implant-supported prosthodontics

Chapter 5: ORTHODONTICS

5.1 Introduction to orthodontics

5.2 Classification of malocclusions

5.3 Theory of tooth movement

5.4 Basic wire bending techniques

5.5 Making passive components

5.6 Producing ball-ended clasps

5.7 The Adams clasp

5.8 Producing a Southend clasp

5.9 Active appliances

5.10 Palatal finger spring (guarded)

5.11 Making a T-spring

5.12 Double cantilever or Z-spring

5.13 Buccal canine retractor

5.14 The Roberts retractor

5.15 Producing baseplates

5.16 Producing biteplanes

5.17 Extra-oral anchorage

5.18 Functional appliance design

5.19 Producing an Andresen appliance

5.20 Twin-block appliance

5.21 Fixed orthodontic appliances

5.22 Retainer appliance design

5.23 Repair and modification of orthodontic appliances

Chapter 6: OCCLUSION

6.1 Introduction to occlusion

6.2 Occlusal schemes

6.3 Articulators

6.4 Facebows

6.5 Summary

Chapter 7: SHADE AND COLOUR

7.1 Introduction to aesthetics

7.2 Colour terminology

7.3 Shade guides

Appendix: TOOTH MORPHOLOGY

Glossary

Index

This edition first published 2011
© 2011 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Basics of dental technology : a step by step approach / Tony Johnson…[et al.]. p. ; cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-1-4051-7875-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Dental technology. I. Johnson, Tony (Anthony Phillip)
[DNLM: 1. Technology, Dental–methods. 2. Technology, Dental–instrumentation.
WU 150 B311 2011]
RK652.B37 2011
617.6'9–dc22

2010016812

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Set in 10/12 pt Calibri by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited

1 2011

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

This book has been designed for use in the dental laboratory as a guide for the novice dental technician. Described in the manner of a ‘cook book’, the procedures in this handbook have been designed to be followed step by step. Presented in sections ordered by specialty, each procedure has been completed in a dental laboratory, with photographs illustrating all the important steps of each procedure. The work shown in this book has not been edited or tweaked, but is presented as the instructions given in this book were followed, to ensure that the outcomes are achievable by anyone following the guides (perhaps with a little practice!).

1.2 How to use this book

Working impression

Casting working model

Sectioning

This book is designed for the student of dental technology for use on the bench in the dental laboratory. The construction of many dental prostheses and appliances require progression through a series of stages, often from impression through to finished product. You can use this book to work through each procedure step by step.

The graphic at the beginning of the sections will help you to see where any given procedure fits into the production process. An example of this is shown on the right.

For each procedure you will find a brief introduction, a list of the tools and equipment required, guidance on working safely, and an illustrated step-by-step basic procedure.

In addition, the hints and tips sections give techniques to expand or refine the process, and the extended information sections give an insight into the scientific and clinical aspects that can enhance your understanding of the topic.

1.3 Equipment and instruments

The equipment listed below is commonly found in a dental laboratory, and with which any technician should be familiar.

Plaster bowl, spatula and knife (Figure 1.3.1)

Common to all plaster rooms, these items are used for mixing, shaping and trimming plaster of Paris, Kaffir and die stone materials. Cleanliness of these items is important to prevent rapid setting of materials.

Figure 1.3.1

Wax knives and carvers

These instruments are commonly used in the laboratory for a number of procedures. You should purchase your own good quality knives and carvers.

Figure 1.3.2

Small wax knife: Most commonly used in the fabrication of crowns for placing and carving inlay wax. You may see technicians using two, a cold and a hot knife to save time (Figure 1.3.2, instrument on left).

Large wax knife: Used for melting, placing and carving modelling wax in the production of dentures. Again it is common to see two knives being used, a cold and a hot knife (Figure 1.3.2, instrument on right).

Figure 1.3.3

LeCron carver: This carver is popular for the carving of inlay wax in the production of crowns. It is used cold, but some techniques use it slightly warm, but not hot (, instrument on far right).

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!