This edition first published 2013

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Microwave and millimeter wave circuits and systems : emerging design, technologies, and applications / editors, Apostolos Georgiadis ... [et al.].

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-119-94494-2 (cloth)

1. Microwave circuits–European Union countries–Design and construction. 2. Electronic circuit design 3. Millimeter waves–Research–European Union countries. I. Georgiadis, Apostolos.

TK7876.M5225 2012

621.381′32–dc23

2012015786

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN: 9781119944942

About the Editors

Apostolos Georgiadis was born in Thessaloniki, Greece. He received his BS degree in Physics and MS degree in Telecommunications from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, in 1993 and 1996, respectively. He received his PhD degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, in 2002. Since 2007, he has been a Senior Research Associate at Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Barcelona, Spain, in the area of communications subsystems, where he is involved in active antennas and antenna arrays and more recently with radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and energy harvesting. Dr. Georgiadis is an IEEE Senior Member. He was the recipient of a 1996 Fulbright Scholarship for graduate studies with the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, the 1997 and 1998 Outstanding Teaching Assistant Award presented by the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, the 1999, 2000 Eugene M. Isenberg Award presented by the Isenberg School of Management, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, and the 2004 Juan de la Cierva Fellowship presented by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science. He is involved in a number of technical program committees and serves as a reviewer for several journals, including IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation and IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. He is the Chairman of COST Action IC0803, RF/Microwave Communication Subsystems for Emerging Wireless Technologies (RFCSET), and the Coordinator of the Marie Curie Industry–Academia Pathways and Partnerships Project on the Symbiotic Wireless Autonomous Powered (SWAP) System. He is a Member of Technical Committees MTT-24 – RFID Technologies – and MTT-26 – Wireless Power Transfer. He was the Chair of the 2012 IEEE RFID-TA Conference and 2012 IEEE MTT-S IMWS Workshop on Millimeter Wave Integration Technologies.

Hendrik Rogier was born in 1971. He received Electrical Engineering and PhD degrees from Ghent University, Gent, Belgium, in 1994 and in 1999, respectively. He is currently Associate Professor with the Department of Information Technology. From October 2003 to April 2004, he was a Visiting Scientist at the Mobile Communications Group of Vienna University of Technology. He authored and co-authored about 75 papers in international journals and about 100 contributions in conference proceedings. He is serving as a member of the Editorial Board of IET Science, Measurement Technology and acts as the URSI Commission B representative for Belgium. His current research interests are the analysis of electromagnetic waveguides, electromagnetic simulation techniques applied to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), and signal integrity (SI) problems, as well as to indoor propagation and antenna design, and in smart antenna systems for wireless networks. Dr. Rogier was twice awarded the URSI Young Scientist Award, at the 2001 URSI Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory and at the 2002 URSI General Assembly. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE.

Luca Roselli received the Laurea degree in Electronic Engineering from the University of Florence, Florence, Italy, in 1988. From 1988 to 1991 he worked at the University of Florence on SAW devices. In November 1991, he joined the Institute of Electronics at the University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy, as a Research Assistant. Since 1992 he has been an IEEE Member. Since 1994 he has been teaching Electronic Devices at the same University. In the same year he was the Director of Works for the realization of a 35 square meters clean room for a 100 class at the University of Perugia. Since 1996 he has been in the reviewer list of the IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters (MGWL), now MWCL. Since 1998 he has been in the reviewer list of the IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques (MTT). Since that same year he has been a member of the technical program committee of the Electrosoft Conference and of the MTT–International Microwave Symposium. Since 2000 he has been Associate Professor at the University of Perugia where he teaches Microwave Electronics, High Frequency Components and Applied Electronics. Since that time he has been coordinating the research activity of the High Frequency Electronics (HFE) Lab. In the same year he founded the WiS (Wireless Solutions) Srl, a spin-off company operating in the field of microwave electronic systems with which he is currently cooperating as a consultant. In 2001 He was nominated an IEEE Senior Member. Since 2003 he has been in the steering committee of CEM-TD (Computational ElectroMagnetic-Time Domain). In the same year he was a member of the spin-off committee of the University of Perugia and in 2005 he founded a second spin-off company: DiES (Digital Electronic Solutions) Srl. In 2007 he was Chairman of the VII Computational Electromagnetic in the Time Domain Workshop; he was the guest editor of the special issue of the International Journal of Numerical Modelling on the VII CEM-TD. Again in 2008 he was the Co-PI (Principal Investigator) of the Project ADAHELI (a project founded by the Italian Space Agency – ASI – for the solar observation from the satellite. He is a Chairman of Technical Committee MTT-24 – RFID Technologies – and Member of MTT-25 – RF Nanotechnologies – and MTT-26 – Wireless Power Transfer. He is Member of the list of experts of the Italian Ministry of Research and University (MIUR), Director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Research Centre ‘il Pischiello’, and Coordinator of the High Frequency Electronic Lab (HFE-Lab) at the University of Perugia. His research interests mainly focus on the design of high-frequency electronic circuits and systems, including the development of numerical methods for electronic circuit analysis with special attention to RFID-NFC systems, new material electronics, and near-field wireless power transfer. In these fields he has published almost 200 contributions to international reviews and peer-reviewed conferences, the interest in which is testified by an HF index of 18 (PoP font) and more than 900 citations on international reviews and peer-reviewed conferences.

Paolo Arcioni is Full professor at the Department of Electronics of the University of Pavia. His research activity started in 1973 and first concerned the design and the characterization of compensated structures for linear accelerators, the development of microwave equipment for EPR, and the investigation of ferrite tuning of power magnetrons. Subsequently, his scientific interest concentrated on the study of a novel class of numerical methods, based on a hybrid representation of the electromagnetic field (Boundary Integral – Resonant Mode Expansion, BI-RME). These methods have been applied successfully to the development of efficient codes for the design and the optimization of waveguide components and to the modeling of active and passive quasi-optical components for millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. More recently, the same approach has been extended to the modeling of microstrip circuits on multilayered substrates. At present, he is involved in the electromagnetic modeling of integrate passive components for millimeter-wave circuits realized in standard CMOS technology. He collaborated with many research groups in Italy and all over the world, as well as in the framework of a project funded by the European Space Agency, by the European Commission (TMR and RTN Networks), and by the Italian Ministry of Education (PRIN and FIRB Projects). He also carried out many applied research activities commissioned by the Department by important industries and small-medium enterprises active in the microwave field. He authored many scientific papers published in the most significant journals in the field, two patents, and three book chapters. In particular, he co-authored the chapter ‘Wideband modelling by the BI-RME method’ in the book Advanced Modal Analysis by G. Conciauro, M. Guglielmi, and R. Sorrentino, published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (2000). He acts as a reviewer for the IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory and Techniques and for the European Microwave Week. Paolo Arcioni is Senior Member of the IEEE (MTT Society) and Member of the European Microwave Association (EuMA) and of the Società Italiana di Elettromagnetismo (SIEM).

About the Authors

Chapter 1

Máirtín O'Droma, BE (NUI), PhD (NUI), CEng, FIET, SMIEEE is Director, Telecommunications Research Centre and Senior Lecturer, University of Limerick, Ireland. Recent positions and activities include IEEE Subject Matter Expert and an ITU-T Invited Expert; founding partner and steering committee member of the European Union Networks of Excellence TARGET (Top Amplifier Research Groups in a European Team); and ANWIRE (Academic Network for Wireless Internet Research in Europe); Ireland's delegate to four European Science Foundation (ESF) Cooperation in the Field of Science and Technology (COST) Research Actions: Modelling and Simulation Tools for Research in Emerging Multi-service Telecommunications (285); Traffic and QoS Management in Wireless Multimedia Networks (290); Wireless Networking for Moving Objects, WiNeMO (IC0906); and RF/Microwave Communication Subsystems for Emerging wWireless Technologies, RFCSET (IC0803). His research interests include: behavioural modeling linearization and efficiency techniques in multimode, multiband, multicarrier broadband nonlinear RF power amplifiers; complex wireless telecommunication systems simulation; wireless network and protocol infrastructural innovations for next generation networks (NGNs), the ubiquitous consumer wireless world (UCWW), and for cognitive networks. He has authored and co-authored over 180 research publications in learned journals, international conferences, and book chapters.

Yiming Lei, BSc (Peking University, 2001), PhD (University of Limerick, 2011) is currently a post-doctoral research fellow in the School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, China. He is also an external post-doctoral research fellow in the Telecommunications Research Centre, University of Limerick. His research interests include mechanism analysis and linearization of nonlinear wireless communications systems and the application of information technology in medicine.

Chapter 2

Jerzy Julian Michalski was born in 1974 in Poland. He received MS and PhD degrees in Electrical Engineering in 1998 and 2002, respectively. His research has so far concerned the omega pseudochiral materials and ferrite materials longitudinally magnetized in applications for microwave devices. Currently, he works at TeleMobile Electronics Ltd. His main research interest concerns new efficient methods based on artificial intelligence algorithms applied in the automatic tuning of filters and diplexers. He is the author of numerous software tools for GSM, DCS, and EDGE. Since 2007 he has been an IEEE member.

Jacek Gulgowski was born in Gdansk, Poland, in 1972. He received an MS degree in Informatics from Technical University of Gdansk in 1996, MS degree in Mathematics from University of Gdansk in 1997, and PhD degree in Mathematics from University of Gdansk in 2001. From 1997 he has been a lecturer in Faculty of Mathematics in the University of Gdansk with scientific interests directed towards nonlinear analysis. In 2010 he joined TeleMobile Electronics Ltd in Gdynia, Poland, to work on the microwave filter tuning methods and algorithms.

Tomasz Kacmajor was born in 1986 in Poland. He received an MS degree in Electrical Engineering in 2010. Currently he works at TeleMobile Electronics Ltd. His main research concerns are computational intelligence in the application for microwave technique, microwave filters, and optimization methods. Since 2010 he has been an IEEE member.

Mateusz Mazur was born in Gdynia, Poland, in 1975. He received an MSc in Communication Engineering from Gdask University of Technology (GUT) in 1999 and PhD in Electrical Engineering from Telecommunication Research Institute in Warsaw (PIT) in 2007. Since 2000 he has been with PIT; his main areas of interest are antennas, passive devices, and radar systems. In 2010 he joined TeleMobile Electronics Ltd, where he participates in the COST project: ‘New optimization methods and their investigation for the application to physical microwave devices that require tuning’. In 2011 he received a grant from NCBiR to realize his project: ‘Implementation and correction of measurements methods of antenna pattern in near field’ at GUT.

Chapter 3

Anne Claire Lepage received an MS degree in fundamental physics in 1999 from Henri Poincaré University, Nancy, France, and an MS degree in Electronics and Telecommunications in 2001 from Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris. She received a PhD degree from Telecom ParisTech, Paris, in 2005. She joined the Radiofrequency and Microwave Group of Telecom ParisTech as Associate Professor in 2007. Her research activities encompass compact wideband bipolarized antennas and metamaterials for wideband low profile antennas and are related to various applications fields like cognitive radio, LTE, airborne and space systems.

Julien Sarrazin received his MS and PhD degrees from the University of Nantes in France, in 2005 and 2008, respectively. Until the end of 2008, he was working on antennas for MIMO systems in the IREENA Research Institute in Nantes. In 2009 and 2010, he worked in the BK Birla Institute of Technology (BKBIET) of Pilani in India, where he was in charge of the telecommunication and electromagnetism teaching. He is now working as a Research Engineer in Telecom ParisTech, Paris, France. His current research interests focus on metamaterials, including high impedance surfaces, dedicated to antenna design.

Xavier Begaud was born on December 11, 1968 in Chateaudun, France. He received an MS degree in optics, optoelectronics, and microwaves, from Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) in 1992. He received a PhD degree from the University of Rennes in 1996 and the Habilitation degree from Pierre and Marie Curie University (Paris 6) in 2007. He joined Telecom ParisTech (formerly Ecole Nationale des Telecommunications) in 1998, where he is presently Professor in the Communications and Electronics Department. He works with the Radiofrequency and Microwave Group of CNRS, the French National Scientific Research Centre. His research topics include theory, conception, modeling, and characterization of wideband, bipolarized, and 3D antennas with special emphasis on numerical methods. Currently, research activities include design of metamaterials, channel sounding, and mutual coupling analysis in the framework of ultra-wideband and software radio. He has published over 120 journal papers, patents, book chapters, and conference articles. He is a member of the editorial board of the journal Advanced Electromagnetics and has organized two international conferences as the general chairman and edited one book.

Chapter 4

Nuno Borges Carvalho received the diploma and doctoral degrees in Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering from the Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal, in 1995 and 2000 respectively. From 1997 to 2000 he was an Assistant Lecturer at the same University and a Professor since 2000. Currently he is an Associate Professor with ‘Agregacao’ at the same University and a Senior Research Scientist at the Instituto de Telecomunicações. He has worked as a scientist researcher at the Instituto de Telecomunicações and was engaged to different projects on nonlinear characterization, circuits and systems design for software defined radio and wireless power transmission. His main research interests include nonlinear circuits/systems characterization, nonlinear distortion analysis in microwave/wireless circuits, and systems and measurement of nonlinear phenomena. Recently he has also been involved in design of dedicated radios and systems for newly emerging wireless technologies. In 2007 he was a visitor researcher at the North Carolina State University and at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST. He was the recipient of the 2000 IEE Measurement Prize. He is also the co-inventor of five registered patents. He is a reviewer for several magazines including the IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques and an associate editor for the IEEE Microwave Magazine. He is the chair of IEEE MTT-11 Technical Committee and the chair of the URSI-Portugal Metrology Group. Dr. Borges Carvalho is co-author of the book Intermodulation in Microwave and Wireless Circuits from Artech House, 2003.

Pedro Miguel Cruz was born in Ovar, Portugal, in 1982. He received a five year degree in Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering in July 2006 and MSc degree in July 2008, both from Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal. He is now a PhD student of Electrical Engineering at the same university. He has worked at Portugal Telecom Inovação, Aveiro, Portugal, as a trainee in a project of localization systems based on wireless devices from September 2006 to April 2007. Currently, he is a researcher with Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal, enrolled in the characterization and modeling of software-defined radio front-ends. His main research interests are connected to software defined radio and cognitive radio fields, also with great attention to high-speed wideband data converters (A/D and D/A). Mr. Cruz was a finalist in the student paper competition of the IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium 2008. He was recognized with third place in the GAAS Association PhD Student Fellowship for EuMIC 2009.

Chapter 5

Mikko Valkama was born in Pirkkala, Finland, on November 27, 1975. He received MSc and PhD degrees (both with honors) in Electrical Engineering (EE) from Tampere University of Technology (TUT), Finland, in 2000 and 2001, respectively. In 2002 he received the Best PhD Thesis award by the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters for his dissertation entitled ‘Advanced I/Q signal processing for wideband receivers: models and algorithms’. In 2003, he was working as a Post-Doc Research Fellow with the Communications Systems and Signal Processing Institute at SDSU, San Diego, CA. Currently, he is a Full Professor and Department Head at the Department of Communications Engineering at TUT, Finland. He has been involved in organizing conferences, like the IEEE SPAWC'07 (Publications Chair) held in Helsinki, Finland. He has published more than 130 refereed scientific articles in international journals and conference proceedings, including also highly cited individual articles, with beyond 100 ISI citations. His general research interests include communications signal processing, estimation and detection techniques, signal processing algorithms for software-defined flexible radios, radio transceiver architectures, cognitive radio technologies, digital transmission techniques, such as different variants of multicarrier modulation methods and OFDM, and radio resource management for ad hoc and mobile networks.

Ville Syrjälä was born in Lapua, Finland. He received an MSc degree (with honors) in Communications Engineering (CS/EE) from Tampere University of Technology (TUT), Finland, in 2007. Currently, he is working as a researcher with the Department of Communications Engineering at TUT, Finland. His general research interests are in communications signal processing and signal processing algorithms for flexible radios.

Risto Wichman received his MSc and DSc(Tech) degrees in Digital Signal Processing from Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland, in 1990 and 1995, respectively. From 1995 to 2001, he worked at Nokia Research Centre as a senior research engineer. In 2002, he joined the Department of Signal Processing and Acoustics, Aalto University School of Electrical Engineering, where he has been a Professor since 2003. His major research interests include digital signal processing for applications in wireless communications.

Pramod Mathecken received a BE degree in Electronics and Communication from Coimbatore Institute of Technology, an autonomous college affiliated to Anna University, India, in 2005. From April 2006 to July 2008, he worked at the Analogue-devices DSP Learning Centre in IIT Madras, Chennai, India. In March 2011, he received an MSc degree in Communications Engineering from Aalto University School of Electrical Engineering, Helsinki, Finland. He is currently pursuing his DSc degree at Aalto University School of Science and Technology. His current research interests are toward analysis and compensation of RF-impairments and synchronization methods in wireless communications.

Chapter 6

Albert Bel Pereira was born in Sabadell, Spain, in 1983. He received the degree in telecommunication engineering in 2007 from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB). From March to July 2007 he stayed in the Università degli Studi di Siena doing his degree project. Since September 2007 he has been a PhD candidate at the Department of Telecommunications and Systems Engineering (UAB), being a member of the Signal Processing for Communications and Navigation (SPCOMNAV) Group. His research interests are positioning and tracking systems for wireless sensor networks.

José López Vicario was born in Blanes, Spain, in 1979. He received both the degree in Electrical Engineering and the PhD degree from the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, in 2002 and 2006, respectively. During 2002, he served as a DSP programmer (UPC, 2002) and participated in the Spanish government R&D Project TIC99-0849. From October 2002 to September 2006, he was a PhD candidate at UPC's Signal Theory and Communications Department and, from January 2003, he pursued his thesis at CTTC, where he was involved in several European R&D projects (IST ACE and IST NEWCOM). Since September 2006, he has been an Assistant Professor at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, teaching courses in digital communications and signal processing. He has published 15 papers in recognized international journals and around 40 papers in conferences. Dr. Vicario is a member of the IEEE Signal Processing Society and received the 2005/06 best PhD prize in Information Technologies and Communications by the UPC.

Gonzalo Seco-Granados received MSc and PhD degrees in Telecommunication Engineering in 1996 and 2000, respectively, from Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC). He also received an MBA degree from IESE-University of Navarra, Barcelona, in 2002. From 2002 to 2005, he was a member of technical staff at the European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), ESA, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, involved in the Galileo Project and leading the activities concerning indoor GNSS. In 2006, he joined the Department of Telecommunications and Systems Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) as an Associate Professor and Director of the Signal Processing for the Communications and Navigation (SPCOMNAV) Group. His research interests are statistical signal processing, optimization, and the physical layer of wireless communications and positioning systems. Since 2009, he has been the director of one of Chairs of Knowledge and Technology Transfer ‘UAB Research Park–Santander’. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE.

Chapter 7

Ming Shen received MSc and PhD degrees in Electronic Engineering from the Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2005 and Aalborg University in 2010, respectively. He is currently working as a post-doc with the Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University. His research interests include on-chip substrate noise characterization, RF integrated circuit design for biomedical applications, and circuit design for energy harvesting.

Jan Hvolgaard Mikkelsen received MSc and PhD degrees in Electrical Engineering from Aalborg University, Denmark, in 1995 and 2005, respectively. Since 2001 he has been working as an IC design manager for the large-scale RF-IC design effort at Aalborg University, where he currently holds a position as Associate Professor. He has authored or co-authored over 50 peer-reviewed journal and conference papers. His main research interests include analog circuit design, RF/LF CMOS circuit design for various applications – communication, biomedical, and energy harvesting – as well as system level analysis of transceiver architectures. He serves as a reviewer for the IEE and IEEE.

Torben Larsen received MSc and DrTechn degrees from Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, in 1988 and 1998, respectively. Since 2001, he has been a Full Professor with Aalborg University. He has industrial experience with Bosch Telecom and Siemens Mobile Phones. In 2005, he was appointed a member of the Research Council for Technology and Production by the Minister of Science, Technology, and Innovation. He has authored or co-authored over 100 peer-reviewed journal and conference papers. His research interests include RF system design, integrated circuit design, wireless communications, and transceiver design.

Chapter 8

Dušan Kocur was born in 1961 in Košice, Slovakia. He received his Ing (MSc) and CSc (PhD) degrees in Radioelectronics from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, in 1985 and 1990, respectively. Now he is the Full Professor at the Department of Electronics and Multimedia Communications of his Alma Mater. His research interests are radar signal processing, UWB technologies, and physical layer of wireless communication systems.

Jana Rováková was born in 1983 in Michalovce, Slovakia. She received her MSc degree in Mathematics from the Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice and her PhD degree in Electronics from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, in 2006 and 2009, respectively. Since then, she has been a researcher at the Department of Electronics and Multimedia Communications of the Technical University of Košice. Her research interests are focused on UWB radar signal processing.

Chapter 9

Javier Arribas is a Research Engineer and a PhD Candidate at CTTC since 2008. He received BSc and MSc degrees in Telecommunication Engineering in 2002 and 2004, respectively, at La Salle School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University, in Barcelona, Spain. In 2004 he joined to the Signal Theory and Communications Department at La Salle, where he was Teaching Assistant in the field of Electronic Measurements. He currently collaborates with La Salle as MSc and BSc theses advisor, where he is involved in the SalleSat Cubesat picosatellite development program as technical director. His primary areas of interest include statistical signal processing, GNSS synchronization, detection and estimation theory, and the design of RF front-ends. He has contrasted experience in GNSS software defined receivers and FPGA-based real-time systems.

Pau Closas received MSc and PhD (cum laude) degrees in Electrical Engineering from the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) in 2003 and 2009, respectively. During 2008 he was Research Visitor at the Stony Brook University (SBU), New York, USA. In September 2009 he joined the CTTC, where he currently holds a position as a Research Associate in the Communications Subsystems Area and coordinates the Positioning Systems research line. He has many years of experience in projects funded by the European Commission, Spanish and Catalan Governments, as well as the European Space Agency (ESA) in both technical and managerial duties. He has numerous contributions in his primary areas of interest, including statistical and array signal processing, estimation and detection theory, Bayesian filtering, robustness analysis, and game theory, with applications to positioning systems, wireless sensor networks, and mathematical biology.

Carles Fernández-Prades (Member, IEEE) received MSc and PhD (cum laude) degrees in Electrical Engineering from the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain, in 2001 and 2006, respectively. In May 2006, he joined the Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), where he currently holds the position of a Research Associate and the Coordinator of the Communications Subsystems Area. His primary areas of interest include statistical signal processing, estimation theory, GNSS synchronization, digital communications, and design of radio frequency (RF) front-ends.

Manuel Cuntz received the diploma in Electrical Engineering in 2005 from the Technical University of Kaiserslautern. He joined the Institute of Communications and Navigation of the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) in 2006 as Research Assistant. Since then Manuel Cuntz has contributed to several national and international projects in the field of interference robust satellite navigation receivers. His fields of research are the development of analog front-end hardware and digital signal processing algorithms for interference detection and mitigation in satellite navigation receivers for safety critical applications.

Michael Meurer received the diploma and PhD degree from the University of Kaiserslautern, Germany. After graduation, he joined the Research Group for Radio Communications at the Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, as a Senior Key Researcher, where he was involved in various international and national projects in the field of communications and navigation, both as project coordinator and as technical contributor. From 2003 till 2005, Dr. Meurer was active as a senior lecturer. Since 2005 he has been an Associate Professor (PD) at the same university. Additionally, since 2006 Dr. Meurer has been with the German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute for Communications and Navigation, where he is the Director of the Department of Navigation. His current research interests include GNSS signals, GNSS receivers, interference mitigation, and navigation for safety-critical applications.

Andriy Konovaltsev received his engineer diploma and PhD degree in Electrical Engineering from Kharkov State Technical University of Radio Electronics, Ukraine, in 1993 and 1996, respectively. He joined the Institute of Communications and Navigation of German Aerospace Centre (DLR) in 2001 as Research Assistant. Since then he was involved in various national and international projects in the field of satellite-based navigation, especially aimed at development of the European GALILEO navigation system. His research interests are primarily in array processing for satellite navigation systems and signal processing algorithms for robust navigation receivers, including synchronization, multipath, and radio interference mitigation techniques.

Chapter 10

Roberto Gómez-García received MSc and PhD degrees in Electrical Engineering from the Technical University of Madrid, in 2001 and 2006, respectively. Currently, he is with the Department of Signal Theory and Communications of the University of Alcalá, Madrid. His research interests are in the pursuit of new concepts to design advanced fixed-/reconfigurable-frequency RF filters and multiplexers in planar, hybrid, and MMIC technologies, multifunction circuits, and novel software-defined radio and radar architectures.

José-María Muñoz-Ferreras received MSc and PhD degrees in Electrical Engineering from the Technical University of Madrid in 2004 and 2008, respectively. Currently, he is with the Department of Signal Theory and Communications of the University of Alcalá, Madrid. His research activities are in the area of radar signal processing and advanced radar/communications systems and concepts. Specifically, the focusing of high-resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar images and the design and validation of radar/ communications systems with the software-defined paradigm are issues of his interest.

Manuel Sánchez-Renedo received an MSc degree in Electrical Engineering from the Technical University of Madrid in 2005. He is currently working towards a PhD at the Department of Signal Theory and Communications of the University of Alcalá, Madrid. His current research interests are focused on the development of novel fixed/tunable, compact, and multiband microwave filters in planar and hybrid technologies.

Chapter 11

Jian Zhang was born in Anqing city, China. He received a BEng degree in Automation Engineering from Southeast University, Nanjing, China, in 1999 and a PhD degree in Micro-electrics and Solid State Electronics Engineering from Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China, in 2008. From 1999 to 2002, he was a research engineer with Wuhan Research Institute of Post and Telecommunication (WRI), Wuhan, China, during which time he was involved with the circuit design for an ATM-PON access network application. In the summer of 2008, he was a design engineer with RFMD Shanghai Design Centre, where he was engaged in power amplifier design and measurement system programming. From October 2008 to 2010, he has been a post-doctoral researcher with Microwave Electronics Laboratory, MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, where he has been engaged in monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) development using compound semiconductors such as GaAs pHEMT, GaInP HBT, and InP DHBT process technology. Since October 2010, he has been a Marie Curie experienced researcher at the High Frequency Electronic Circuits Division, Institute of Electronics and Communications and Information Technology (ECIT), Queens University of Belfast, United Kingdom, where he is currently engaged in the development of RF front-end circuits and communication systems for wireless personal area network (WPAN) applications using SiGe process technology.

Mury Thian obtained a BSc degree from Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, an MSc degree from Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands, and a PhD degree from Queens University of Belfast, United Kingdom, all in Electronics Engineering. He was with Philips Semiconductors (now NXP Semiconductors), Nijmegen, the Netherlands, and then with the University of Birmingham, United Kingdom, before returning to Queens University of Belfast in 2009 to work on radio technologies for short-range gigabit wireless communications. He is presently on a two-year secondment to Infineon Technologies, Villach, Austria, as a Marie Curie Fellow.

Guochi Huang received BEng and MEng degrees from Harbin Institute of Technology, China, in 2003 and 2005, respectively, and a PhD degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea, in 2009. From June 2009 to April 2010, he was a Research Assistant with ECIT at Queens University of Belfast, working on 60GHz VCOs and amplifiers using SiGe technology. He is currently with the RF Group of Analogue Devices Inc. in Limerick, Ireland. His research interests include RF/MMW frequency generated IC and transceiver design.

George Goussetis graduated from the Electrical and Computer Engineering School in the National Technical University of Athens, Greece, in 1998, and received a PhD degree from the University of Westminster, London, UK. In 2002 he also graduated with a BSc in Physics (first class) from University College London (UCL), UK. In 1998, he joined Space Engineering, Rome, Italy, as RF Engineer and in 1999 the Wireless Communications Research Group, University of Westminster, UK, as a Research Assistant. Between 2002 and 2006 he was a Senior Research Fellow at Loughborough University, UK. Between 2006 and 2009 he was a Lecturer (Assistant Professor) at the School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK. He joined the Institute of Electronics Communications and Information Technology at Queens University Belfast, UK, in September 2009 as a Reader (Associate Professor). He has authored or co-authored over 150 peer-reviewed papers, three book chapters, and two patents. His research interests include the modeling and design of microwave filters, frequency-selective surfaces and periodic structures, leaky wave antennas, microwave sensing, and curing, as well as numerical techniques for electromagnetics. Dr. Goussetis received the Onassis Foundation Scholarship in 2001. In October 2006 he was awarded a five-year research fellowship by the Royal Academy of Engineering, UK. In 2010 he was visiting Professor in UPCT, Spain.

Vincent F. Fusco holds a Personal Chair in High Frequency Electronic Engineering. His research interests include active antenna and front-end MMIC techniques. Professor Fusco has published over 350 scientific papers in major journals and in referred international conferences. He has authored two textbooks, holds patents related to self-tracking antennas, and has contributed invited papers and book chapters. He serves on the Technical Programme Committee for various international conferences including the European Microwave Conference. He is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, Royal Irish Academy, the IET, and the IEEE.

Chapter 12

Robert Malmqvist received his PhD degree from Linköping University in 2001. Since 2000 he has been with FOI (Swedish Defence Research Agency) where he currently holds a position as Senior Scientist at the Department of Radar Systems. He is currently also Research Scientist within the Microwave Group at Uppsala University, Sweden. He has authored or co-authored more than 50 scientific papers of which six are in peer-review journals and received two Best Paper awards at EuRAD2004 and IEEE CAS2009, respectively. He is currently engaged in research related to MMIC/RF-MEMS circuit design for reconfigurable microwave/mm-wave systems.

Aziz Ouacha received his PhD degree in Electronics in 1995 from Linköping University, Sweden. He is currently Adjunct Professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering (ISY), Linköping University, Sweden, and Research Director at the Division of Sensors and EW systems at the Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI). His current research interests are in broadband active phased array antennas and in particular multifunction RF systems. He has published over 80 research papers in international journal and conference proceedings. His challenging goal is a fully reconfigurable and cognitive single RF front-end for multifunction phased array systems. He is a member of the IEEE and Association of Old Crows.

Mehmet Kaynak received his BS degree from the Electronics and Communication Engineering Department of Istanbul Technical University (ITU) in 2004, and received an MS degree from the Microelectronic Program of Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey, in 2006. He joined the technology group of IHP Microelectronics, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany, in 2008. He is currently working on development and integration of embedded MEMS technologies and leading the MEMS group in IHP.

Naveed Ahsan received his BS degree from UET Lahore, Pakistan Electronics in 1998. He was awarded an MSc degree from NUST, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, in 2002 and received his PhD degree from Linköping University, Sweden, in 2009. Dr. Naveed Ahsan has over ten years of research experience in the field of antennas and RF/microwave engineering. He has published more than 20 papers including two journal papers. His research interests include MMIC-based transceiver design and solid-state power amplifier design for radar and communication systems.

Joachim Oberhammer received his PhD degree from KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, in 2004, where he is currently Associate Professor heading a research group in RF and microwave MEMS. By 2012, he had published over 90 research papers in this field and has served as a TPRC member of IEEE Transducers, IEEE IMS, and IEEE MEMS conferences since 2009. His work on RF MEMS phase-shifters and tunable capacitors received Best Paper awards at IEEE EuMIC in 2009 and IEEE APMC in 2010.

Chapter 13

Federico Alimenti was born in Foligno, Italy, in 1968. He received the Laurea degree (magna cum laude) and PhD from the University of Perugia, Italy, in 1993 and 1997, respectively, both in Electronic Engineering. In 1993 he held an internship at Daimler-Benz Aerospace, Ulm, Germany. In 1996 he was recipient of the URSI Young Scientist Award and Visiting Scientist at the Technical University of Munich, Germany. Since 2001 he has been with the Department of Electronic and Information Engineering at the University of Perugia as a Research Associate, teaching the classes of ‘Telecommunication Electronics’ and ‘Microwave Electronics’. In 2006 he has been elected as a member of the Academic Senate at the same university. His scientific interests concern the design and characterization of microwave integrated circuits in CMOS and SiGe BiCMOS technologies. He has authored more than 120 papers in referred journals, conference proceedings and book chapters. Federico Alimenti is a Senior IEEE Member.

Andrea Battistini was born in Terni, Italy, in 1981. He received the Laura degree (magna cum laude) and PhD from the University of Perugia, Italy, in 2006 and 2008, respectively, both in Electronic Engineering. His research interests include analog design of microwave sensors (both radiometers and radar) for civil and space application. Since 2006 he has also been an R&D engineer at ART S.r.l., Passignano (PG), Italy.

Valeria Palazzari received the Laurea degree in Electronic Engineering and PhD degree in Information and Electronic Engineering from the University of Perugia, Italy, in 2000 and 2003, respectively. Since 2000 she joined the High Frequency Electronics Laboratory (HFElab) at the Department of Electronic and Information Engineering at the same university. In summer 2003 she joined the ATHENA Research Group at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA. She is currently working as a post-doc assistant, teaching the classes of ‘Telecommunication Electronics’. Her research goes from the modeling, design, and realization of microwave integrated circuits in SiGe BiCMOS technology to the packaging technologies for RF and wireless systems.

Luca Roselli (see About the Editors)

Stephen M. White is a solar and stellar radio astronomer who has worked on solar radio imaging techniques across a wide range of wavelengths. His scientific interests include solar flares, solar magnetic fields, the solar atmosphere, and particle acceleration. He has studied the nature of radio emission on stars other than the Sun and the ways in which it differs from the solar case. After working for many years in the Department of Astronomy at the University of Maryland, he has moved to the Space Weather Group at the Air Force Research Laboratory.

Chapter 14

Francesco Giuppi was born in Pavia in 1983. He achieved a MS degree (110/110 cum laude) in Electronic Engineering at the University of Pavia in April 2008. Afterwards, he joined the Department of Electronics of the University of Pavia as a PhD student in Microwave Electronics. During his PhD he worked on the development of active antennas in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Francesco was a visiting PhD student at the Catalonian Technologic Telecommunication Centre (CTTC) from September 2010 to September 2011. He was the recipient of four prizes at international conferences and workshops, including the Best Student Paper at the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2010) and the Best Student Paper at the IEEE International Microwave Workshop Series (IMWS 2011).

Apostolos Georgiadis (see About the Editors)

Ana Collado received MSc and PhD degrees in Telecommunications Engineering from the University of Cantabria, Spain, in 2002 and 2007, respectively. Since 2007 she has been a Research Associate at the Technological Telecommunications Centre of Catalonia (CTTC), Barcelona, Spain, where she performs her professional activities. Her professional interests include active antennas, substrate integrated waveguide structures, nonlinear circuit design, and energy harvesting solutions for self-sustainable and energy efficient systems. She is a Management Committee Member of the EU COST Action IC0803 RF/Microwave Communications Subsystems for Emerging Wireless Technologies, where she also serves as the Grant Holder Representative supervising the scientific activities, dissemination activities, and financial reporting. Among the mentioned activities she has collaborated in the organization of several international workshops in different countries of the European Union and also a Training School for PhD students. She is a Marie Curie Fellow of the FP7 Project Symbiotic Wireless Autonomous Powered (SWAP) system. She was also finalist in the 2007 IEEE International Microwave Symposium and the 2012 IEEE Radio Wireless Week Symposium Student Contests. She was the Technical Program Chair of the 2011 IEEE RFID Technologies and Applications Conference and the Technical Program Chair of the 2011 IEEE MTTS International Microwave Workshop Series on ‘Millimetre Wave Integration Technologies’, as well as part of the Local Organizing Team in both events. She serves on the Editorial Board of the 2011–2012 Radioengineering Journal and assists as reviewer of several IEEE publications.

Maurizio Bozzi was born in Voghera, Italy, in 1971. He received the ‘Laurea degree in Electronic Engineering and PhD in Electronics and Computer Science from the University of Pavia, Italy, in 1996 and 2000, respectively. In 2002 he joined the Department of Electronics of the University of Pavia as an Assistant Professor in electromagnetics. He currently teaches the courses of ‘Numerical Techniques for Electromagnetics' and of ‘Computational Electromagnetics and Photonics'. He has held research positions in various universities worldwide, including the Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany, the University of Valencia, Spain, the Polytechnical University of Montreal, Canada, and the Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Spain. His research activities concern the development of numerical methods for the electromagnetic modeling of microwave and millimeter-wave components. Professor Bozzi received the Best Young Scientist Paper Award at the XXVII General Assembly of URSI in 2002 and the MECSA Prize for the best paper presented by a young researcher at the Italian Conference on Electromagnetics in 2000.

Luca Perregrini was born in Sondrio, Italy, in 1964. He received the ‘Laurea' degree in Electronic Engineering and PhD in Electronics and Computer Science from the University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, in 1989 and 1993, respectively. In 1992, he joined the Department of Electronics of the University of Pavia, where he is now an Associate Professor in Electromagnetics. His main research interests are in numerical methods for the analysis and optimization of waveguide circuits, frequency selective surfaces, reflectarrays, and printed microwave circuits. He co-authored the textbook Fondamenti di Onde Elettromagnetiche (McGraw-Hill Italia, Milano, Italy, 2003). Professor Perregrini was an Invited Professor at the Polytechnical University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in 2001, 2002, and 2004. He was a consultant of the European Space Agency and of some European telecommunication companies.

Chapter 15

Frederick Declercq was born in 1983. He received an MSc degree in Electronic Engineering at Howest, University College West Flanders, Kortrijk, Belgium. He received a PhD degree in Electrical Engineering at the Faculty of Engineering at Ghent University in 2011. Since September 2005, he has been with the Electromagnetics Group, Department of Information Technology (INTEC) at Ghent University. He is currently conducting his post-doctoral research at Ghent University. His research interests are electromagnetic characterization of textile and flexible foam materials and the design of wearable active textile antennas.

Hendrik Rogier (see About the Editors)

Apostolos Georgiadis (see About the Editors)

Ana Collado (see Chapter 14)

Chapter 16

Chomora Mikeka was born in Malawi in 1978. He holds a PhD degree from the Division of Physics, Electrical and Computer Engineering at Yokohama National University, Japan. His PhD research was about power autonomous sensor radio based on cellular and digital TV RF energy harvesting. In 2010, as a Visiting Researcher at the Communications Subsystems Lab, CTTC in Barcelona (Spain), he collaborated in the design, simulations, and fabrication of an ultra low power DC–DC buck boost converter with regulated output for less than a milliwatt RF energy harvesting. He won the 2009 European Microwave Association (EuMW2009) Student Challenge Prize in Rome (Italy). He won the 2011 IEEE RWW, Biomedical Radio and Wireless Technologies, Network and Sensing Systems Second Best Paper Award in Phoenix, Arizona (USA). He won the IEEE RFID-TA 2011, Third Best Paper Award in Sitges, Barcelona (Spain). He won the 2010 Yokohama National University International Science Exchange Encouragement Award. His biography is included in the 27th edition of Marquis Who's Who in the World. He is the Laureate of IBC Top 100 Engineers in 2010. He is now a Lecturer in the Physics Department at Chancellor College of the University of Malawi, Africa.

Hiroyuki Arai received a BE degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering and ME and DE degrees in Physical Electronics from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1982, 1984 and 1987, respectively. After being a Research Associate in Tokyo Institute of Technology, he joined Yokohama National University as a Lecturer in 1989. Now he is a Professor in the Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Yokohama National University. He was a Visiting Scholar at University of California, Los Angeles, in 1997 and was Visiting Professor at Yonsei University, Seoul, in 2005.

Chapter 17

Bahattin Turetken has received MSc and PhD degrees from Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, in 1998 and 2002, respectively. He received an Associate Professor title in 2008. He has worked as Chief Researcher at TUBITAK-UEKAE (National Research Institute of Electronics and Cryptology) EMC and TEMPEST Test Centre. Now, he manages the Electromagnetic and Research Group (EMARG) and the project at the Antenna Test and Research Centre. He was awarded the ‘Young Scientist Award' by URSI in 1999 and ‘Young Scientist Paper' by MMET in 2000. His research topics are radar, antenna design and testing, computational electromagnetic, diffraction and scattering EM problems, and civilian and military EMC/EMI problems.

Umut Bulu has received a Bachelor degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering in Istanbul Technical University, stanbul,Turkey, and a Master degree in Duisburg-Essen University, Duisburg, Germany. He worked in RF&Antenna Departments of IMST Gmbh and Fraunhofer Institute in Germany. He has been working as a Researcher in the Electromagnetics and Antennas Research Group at TUBITAK, Turkey, since 2008. His scientific interests concern design and measurement of antennas and microwave structures.

Erkul Baaran was born in Kocaeli, Turkey. He received a BS degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, in 2000, and MS and PhD degrees in Electronics Engineering from the Gebze Institute of Technology (GIT), Kocaeli, Turkey, in 2002 and 2008, respectively. He is currently working at TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) as a senior researcher. He is interested in the numerical analysis and simulation of the electromagnetic and underwater acoustic wave phenomena, the finite difference time domain method, radar cross-section prediction and measurement, antenna design, and testing.

Eren Akkaya has received a BS degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, in 2009. He has been working as a Researcher at TUBITAK-UEKAE (National Research Institute of Electronics and Cryptology) Electromagnetic and Antenna Research Group. His research topics are computational electromagnetics, UWB antenna design, and testing.

Koray Sürmeli has received a BSc degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, in 2009. He has been working as a Researcher at TUBITAK-UEKAE (National Research Institute of Electronics and Cryptology) Electromagnetic and Antenna Research Group. His research topics are radar, antenna design and testing, computational electromagnetic, diffraction, and scattering EM problems, and civilian and military EMC/EMI problems.

Hüseyin Aniktar has received BSc, MSc, and PhD degrees from Istanbul Technical University, Middle East Technical University, and Aalborg University in 1998, 2002, and 2007, respectively. All degrees are in the Electronics Engineering field. He worked at TES Electronic Solutions GmbH, Stuttgart, as Analogue and RF IC Design Engineer. He also worked in Aselsan Inc. as RF Design Engineer. Currently he is working as RF Design Engineer at TUBITAK-UEKAE. His research topics are RF IC design, frequency synthesizers, and power amplifiers.

Preface

Novel applications for microwave and millimeter wave subsystems emerge in fields such as monitoring, logistics, health, and security, leading to stricter performance requirements for the underlying microwave and millimeter wave front-ends. As a result, there is a necessity for novel circuit and system architectures and topologies, for fast, efficient, and accurate modeling and optimization techniques of circuit components and systems as well as for collaboration between the signal processing and microwave electronics communities.

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!