Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Publisher's Note

Dedication

Acknowledgments

About the Author

Introduction

Who Should Read This Book

What Is Covered in This Book

Behind the Scenes: The Making of Mastering Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2010

There’s SharePoint and There’s SharePoint

The Mastering Series

How to Contact the Author

Part 1: Preparing for Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2010

Chapter 1: SharePoint Foundation 2010 Under the Hood

Hardware Requirements

Software Requirements

SharePoint Sites and Databases

SharePoint Service Accounts and Services

Authentication Types

Authentication Methods

SharePoint Search

SharePoint and Email

Alternate Access Mapping

Managed Paths

User Accounts and Permissions

Performance Planning

Storage Planning

Software Limitations

The Bottom Line

Chapter 2: Standalone Installation

Preparing for SharePoint Foundation 2010 Installation

Standalone Installation of SharePoint Foundation

Post-installation Configuration Tasks

The Bottom Line

Chapter 3: Complete Installation

Preparing for a SharePoint Complete Installation

Complete Installation of SharePoint Foundation 2010

Initial Farm Configuration

Confirming Configuration Changes

Post-installation Configuration Tasks

The Bottom Line

Part 2: Using Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2010

Chapter 4: Introduction to the SharePoint Interface

The Team Site Home Page

Site Pages

The Bottom Line

Chapter 5: Introduction to Web Parts

Using the Home Page as a Wiki Page

Using the Home Page as a Web Part Page

The Bottom Line

Chapter 6: Introduction to Lists

What Is a List? (Fundamental Concepts)

Exploring a List: Announcements

Modifying a List View

Modifying a List

Customizing a List

Exploring Prebuilt Lists

The Bottom Line

Chapter 7: Creating Lists

Creating New Lists with Existing Templates

Creating a Custom List

Connecting Lists: The Insert Related List Tool

The Bottom Line

Chapter 8: Introduction to Libraries

What Are Libraries?

Uploading a Document to a Library

Creating a New Document

Adding a Required Field to a Library

Editing a Document with a Required Field

Opening the Library with Windows Explorer

Requiring Checkout

Versioning

Creating a Document Library

Using Content Types

Using Send To

Picture Library

The Wiki Page Library

The Form Library

The Bottom Line

Chapter 9: Sites, Subsites, and Workspaces

Definitions and Concepts

Creating a New Subsite

Site Settings

Additional Default Site Templates

The Bottom Line

Chapter 10: Site Collections and Web Applications

Creating a Site Collection

Site Settings for Site Collections

Configuring Site Collections

Creating a New Web Application

Web Application Management

The Bottom Line

Part 3: Administering Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2010

Chapter 11: Central Administration

The Central Administration Site Interface

Application Management

System Settings

Monitoring

Backup and Restore

Security

Upgrade and Migration

General Application Settings

Configuration Wizards

The Bottom Line

Chapter 12: Users and Permissions

What Are Users, Groups, and Permissions?

Individual Permissions

Permission Levels

Users and Groups

Inheritance

Editing Site Collection Administrator Members

User Policies and Permission Policies at the Web Application Level

Farm-Level Users and Groups

The Bottom Line

Chapter 13: Maintenance and Monitoring

Why Monitor?

Performance Monitor

Resource Monitor

IIS Logs

Event Viewer

Reporting and Monitoring in SharePoint

Backing Up and Restoring a SharePoint Farm

Backup and Restore Using Other Tools

Suggested Recovery Scenarios

The Bottom Line

Part 4: Special Topics in SharePoint Foundation 2010

Chapter 14: STSADM and PowerShell

PowerShell or STSADM?

Starting the SharePoint 2010 Management Shell

Security Requirements to Use PowerShell

PowerShell Primer

STSADM.EXE Basics

Command-Line Only Tasks and Options

The Bottom Line

Chapter 15: Migrating from Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 to Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2010

Determine Which Upgrade Method Is Right for You

Preparing for Migration: Best-Laid Plans

Moving from a 32-Bit to a 64-Bit Environment

Upgrading a Standalone Server

Upgrading a Server Farm

Using Visual Upgrade

The Bottom Line

Chapter 16: Advanced Installation and Configuration

Configuring New SharePoint Capabilities

Advanced Installation

Advanced Configuration

Installing Office Web Apps

The Bottom Line

Appendix

Chapter 1: SharePoint Foundation 2010 Under the Hood

Chapter 2: Standalone Installation

Chapter 3: Complete Installation

Chapter 4: Introduction to the SharePoint Interface

Chapter 5: Introduction to Web Parts

Chapter 6: Introduction to Lists

Chapter 7: Creating Lists

Chapter 8: Introduction to Libraries

Chapter 9: Sites, Subsites, and Workspaces

Chapter 10: Site Collections and Web Applications

Chapter 11: Central Administration

Chapter 12: Users and Permissions

Chapter 13: Maintenance and Monitoring

Chapter 14: STSADM and PowerShell

Chapter 15: Migrating from Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 to Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2010

Chapter 16: Advanced Installation and Configuration

Index

Acquisitions Editor: Agatha Kim

Development Editor: Jim Compton

Technical Editor: Kevin Lundy

Production Editor: Christine O’Connor

Copy Editor: Kim Wimpsett

Editorial Manager: Pete Gaughan

Production Manager: Tim Tate

Vice President and Executive Group Publisher: Richard Swadley

Vice President and Publisher: Neil Edde

Book Designers: Maureen Forys, Happenstance Type-O-Rama and Judy Fung

Compositor: Jeff Lytle, Happenstance Type-O-Rama

Proofreader: Nancy Bell

Indexer: Nancy Guenther

Project Coordinator, Cover: Katherine Crocker

Cover Designer: Ryan Sneed

Cover Image: © Pete Gardner/DigitalVision/Getty Images

Copyright © 2011 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, IndianaPublished simultaneously in Canada

ISBN: 978-0-470-62638-2

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Callahan, C. A., 1967- author. Mastering Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2010 / C. A. Callahan. — 1st edition. p. cm ISBN 978-0-470-62638-2 (pbk.) 978-1-118-05681-3 (ebk.) 978-1-118-05683-7 (ebk.) 978-1-118-05682-0 (ebk.) 1. Intranets (Computer networks) 2. Web servers. 3. Client/server computing. 4. Microsoft Office SharePoint server. I. Title. TK5105.875.I6C346 2011 006.7’8—dc22 2010047414

TRADEMARKS: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. Microsoft and SharePoint are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Dear Reader,

Thank you for choosing Mastering Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2010. This book is part of a family of premium-quality Sybex books, all of which are written by outstanding authors who combine practical experience with a gift for teaching.

Sybex was founded in 1976. More than 30 years later, we’re still committed to producing consistently exceptional books. With each of our titles, we’re working hard to set a new standard for the industry. From the paper we print on, to the authors we work with, our goal is to bring you the best books available.

I hope you see all that reflected in these pages. I’d be very interested to hear your comments and get your feedback on how we’re doing. Feel free to let me know what you think about this or any other Sybex book by sending me an email at nedde@wiley.com. If you think you’ve found a technical error in this book, please visit http://sybex.custhelp.com. Customer feedback is critical to our efforts at Sybex.

Best regards,

Neil Edde Vice President and Publisher Sybex, an Imprint of Wiley

This book is dedicated to Charles, who once again, with patience and strength, had my back. There aren’t words enough to express my gratitude for the sacrifices he made during the long process of creating this book. Except maybe, thank you. Thank you very, very much.

Acknowledgments

I’d like to take a moment to show my gratitude to the people who made this book possible. To start, Charles Firth and Trudy Hutzler. Charles revised the chapters he wrote in the Mastering Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 book, Chapters 9 and 10. He also co-wrote Chapter 13 (with Trudy), as well as tirelessly helped me with the long process of editing the chapters of a book so long. Trudy started out as a reader-reviewer (more on them in a moment) and became not only the contributing author of Chapter 15 but the go-to person if I needed help with anything related to the book. From assisting with edits to picking up half a chapter at the 11th hour, Trudy was there, and I am very grateful.

Partway through the process of writing the book, we discovered that it was a little long on content, so Sandy Ussia was brought in and did a great job, quickly, editing down Chapters 6 and 7, with an assist on Chapter 8. Throughout the process of writing the book, reader-reviewers loyally read every chapter, often several different incarnations of the same chapters, as well as answering any question I had concerning what readers would want in the book. I owe a lot to those reviewers: Bob Moffit, Chris Smith, Jennelle Crothers, and John D’Ambrosio, with an extra special thanks to Liam Spinage and Doug Greenwood, who went far beyond your average reviewers in terms of reading content and giving feedback. Those two had a real impact on the writing of the book, they were with me every step of the way, and I am truly grateful for their help.

In addition to these fine folks, there were several editors who did the work necessary for the book to be published by Sybex. Among them I’d especially like to thank Kevin Lundy, the technical editor. He was also one of the technical editors for my last book and once again did a great job checking over technical details of each and every chapter, no matter how long or how difficult. I want to thank him for the tireless job he did to help me make sure the information on these pages is as accurate as we could make it. Finally, I’d like to give a shout-out to Jim Compton, the developmental editor, for working for so very long, on so very much information, written and revised by so many people. It takes real fortitude to edit that much material, so thank you for that. To Agatha Kim, the acquisitions editor, who made this all possible; to Kim Wimpsett, the copy editor; to Nancy Bell, the proofreader; and to Christine O’Connor, the production editor for the last book and this one—thanks.

About the Author

Callahan is the author of Mastering Windows SharePoint Services 3.0. A SharePoint Services MVP, she has been a Microsoft Certified Trainer for more than a decade and holds numerous Microsoft certifications. She is the founder and principal trainer for CallahanTech, providing customized training and courseware for businesses and IT professionals. Dedicated to teaching the ins and outs of Microsoft products, Callahan focuses on the practical aspects of using those products and making them work vs. talking about what they can do for you (should you be able to get them to work). She is a frequent presenter at conferences and other technical events, such as Windows Connections. A big believer in the IT community, she particularly enjoys speaking at user group meetings and SharePoint Saturdays (free, professional, one-day conferences; see www.sharepointsaturday.org), as well as volunteering at Microsoft’s TechEd conferences whenever possible. She also does free webcasts and live online presentations. See her SharePoint blog at http://servergrrl.blogspot.com for links to past material and information about upcoming events.

Introduction

This book is intended for IT administrators to get a handle on SharePoint Foundation and is an update of Mastering Windows SharePoint Services 3.0. It is meant to be used both as a reference for overworked network administrators who don’t have a lot of time to spare slogging through articles and forums, and as a cover-to-cover guide to mastering the fundamentals of SharePoint Foundation (and then some). Most of us don’t have time to waste struggling with the ins and outs of a new product. We just need it to work. We also don’t have time to waste on taking classes, so having a reference to use at work (or at home) can be handy. SharePoint is a really complicated beast—poorly documented, with oddly named settings, in even odder places. It’s not for the faint of heart.

SharePoint is several things at once. It is a developer’s platform, leveraging components such as ASP.NET, Windows Identity Foundation, and PowerShell. It is a robust front end over the power of SQL Server on the back end. And finally, it’s a web collaboration tool, a useful front end to help increase the productivity of the information worker. It’s a network product, it installs on a server, and it inevitably ends up being the responsibility of the server administrator.

When I started using SharePoint, I just couldn’t find any detailed, accurate documentation for the free version (at that time, WSS). There was almost nothing reliable out there that was for administrators using WSS (unlike the paid-for SharePoint Server product). A large percentage of the documentation, especially the books, that I could find about SharePoint were written for developers. There was almost nothing for the busy administrators who have an entire network to run, for whom SharePoint is essentially just another server role. And, I’ve found, that is still the case with SharePoint Foundation today.

With SharePoint Foundation, I feel an obligation to let the world know about the product’s power, its extensive capabilities, and the fact that those capabilities are free. I fear that many organizations are being oversold the SharePoint Server product, when they would be much better off with SharePoint Foundation. SharePoint Foundation might do all they need and more, without having to spend so very much on the software and client licenses (notice the plural—there can be need for two per user). Too many businesses have found, with their SharePoint Server installations, that the capabilities they use day to day aren’t actually the ones they paid for.

So when I was asked to revise Mastering Windows SharePoint Services 3.0, I couldn’t say no (well, I considered it, but I finally agreed because the cause was good). That’s why this book is here. It is the book I would have bought if it had been available when I was looking. I tried to fill it full of suggestions, tips, tricks, and concepts that would help you navigate through the maze of hype about SharePoint to reach the truth—what it really is, what it really does, and how to use it. The intent was not particularly to hold your hand but to show you, administrator to administrator, what SharePoint Foundation is all about.

Because of the time constraints, not all chapters were written by me; I had to ask for help. Several people came forward to give me a hand, and I would like to be sure that you, the reader, know who put the effort into generating that material. Charles Firth stepped up and revised the two chapters he wrote in the previous version of the book: Chapter 9, “Sites, Subsites, and Workspaces,” and Chapter 10, “Site Collections and Web Applications.” Chapters 6 and 7, although originally written by me, were revised to be shorter by Sandy Ussia. She also assisted in revising Chapter 8 “Introduction to Libraries,” as well. James Finley wrote the majority of Chapter 14, “STSADM and PowerShell,” as well as the tables in the bonus online material, “PowerShell Cmdlets and STSADM Operations at a Glance.” Trudy Hutzler rose to the challenge and wrote Chapter 15, “Migrating from Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 to Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2010.” That chapter had some serious hardware requirements, crossing multiple machines (she used nine virtual machines for that chapter alone), as well as multiple versions of SharePoint, SQL, and server OSs. And finally, in the 11th hour, Charles and Trudy teamed up to write Chapter 13, “Maintenance and Monitoring,” and a great job they did with it. Thanks again to those fine men and women for the work they did.

To write about SharePoint, I found myself writing about doing SharePoint. So, there are lots of screenshots and step-by-step instructions. The way to learn about SharePoint is by using it. It really doesn’t make sense until you do. This isn’t a high-level book all about the theory of SharePoint—that would be too easy. No, this is largely a real-life scenario, tutorial kind of book, chronicling what I know about SharePoint, as quickly as possible.

This book is intended to give you solid insight into how things work, how to do them, and how to understand them well enough that you can take ownership of SharePoint as an IT administrator. It was a slow, painstaking process to explore all those dark places, set all of those settings, and take all of those screenshots. But the hope is that if I do it here, however briefly, you will see how it works, and then you can apply it in your environment. Of course, despite my best efforts, there were simply some topics I could not cover in the time I had to write the book. But I wanted to give you enough information, enough confidence, that if there was something I didn’t do in the book, you would be able to do it without me.

Who Should Read This Book

This book was intended for IT professionals, network administrators, or anyone with a Windows Server administrative background who needs to come up to speed on SharePoint Foundation. The contents of this book were written assuming the reader would have experience with Windows Servers, particularly IIS and Active Directory, with a basic understanding of SQL. This book is primarily for administrators (but anyone interested in what makes SharePoint Foundation tick might find it worth reading), so although we do some work with PowerShell and SharePoint’s command-line tool, STSADM, we do no developing here. If you are an administrator who has been informed that you must install SharePoint Foundation, if you’ve inherited SharePoint Foundation, or if you plan on administering it the future—this book is for you.

What Is Covered in This Book

This book was meant for the intrepid IT professional, administrator, or student of all things server related. It takes you through what an administrator should know, part by part, chapter by chapter:

Part 1: Preparing for Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2010

Chapter 1, “SharePoint Foundation 2010 Under the Hood”: The concepts you need to be prepared for before installing SharePoint, from what installations to expect to performance and capacity planning, to features that may take extra effort or resources to use.

Chapter 2, “Standalone Installation”: A detailed look at how to install SharePoint Foundation in a single-server implementation, with a glance at how it looks all set up, and post configuration tasks.

Chapter 3, “Complete Installation”: A detailed look at how to install SharePoint Foundation on the first server in a server farm. It also provides detailed information concerning the initial configuration of services and accounts to get up and running.

Part 2: Using Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2010

Chapter 4, “Introduction to the SharePoint Interface”: The landmarks and terminology of the interface itself.

Chapter 5, “Introduction to Web Parts”: What web parts are, what they are for, where you can put them, what the built-in ones do, and how to configure them. All without leaving the browser. No development here.

Chapter 6, “Introduction to Lists”: What lists are, really—how they work, what they do, how to customize them and reuse preexisting lists and templates. This chapter also explores the preexisting lists of a team site.

Chapter 7, “Creating Lists”: How to create your own lists from list templates or from scratch. This chapter covers how to create list templates and connect related lists; it also takes a glance at workflows, by using the three-state workflow that comes with SharePoint Foundation.

Chapter 8, “Introduction to Libraries”: What libraries are, how they work, how to customize them, and how to make your own. There are several types of libraries; not all of them work as you expect them to.

Chapter 9, “Sites, Subsites, and Workspaces”: What subsites and workspaces are, how to create them, and how to use them. It also covers what site templates are and what templates are available out of the box.

Chapter 10, “Site Collections and Web Applications”: What site collections and web applications are. Moving up to the big stuff, you’ll learn how and why to create new site collections or even new web applications, extend existing web applications, configure anonymous access, how alternate access mapping works, and more.

Part 3: Administering Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2010

Chapter 11, “Central Administration”: This reference chapter focuses on how to use the Central Administration pages and how its settings are used to administer SharePoint. It explains what Central Administration is and how to use it. You’ll learn what settings are available and what each one does, when to use them, and what they’re for. There are extensive references to where those settings are covered in depth under specific administrative topics elsewhere in the book.

Chapter 12, “Users and Permissions”: An in-depth look at individual permissions and their levels, user and group management, and configuration of authorization options. Coverage includes using Policy for Web Applications to secure web applications, restricting site collections using permissions and groups, breaking inheritance, as well as securing lists and list items, with a look at managing administrators at the farm level and the new Delegated Administrators group.

Chapter 13, “Maintenance and Monitoring”: How to monitor, back up, and restore SharePoint. You’ll learn how to recover from disaster, from using the Recycle Bin to recover a lost list item to rebuilding the server farm.

Part 4: Special Topics in Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2010

Chapter 14, “STSADM and PowerShell”: An introduction to PowerShell for SharePoint, covering the fundamentals of the new tool in SharePoint’s arsenal. This chapter provides insights in how to manage SharePoint using PowerShell and the command-line administrative tool, STSADM. You’ll see how to do more than the Central Administration website will allow—there’s always more power at the command line.

Chapter 15, “Migrating from Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 to Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2010”: The ins and outs of the two methods of migration: database attach and in-place, with tips and tricks concerning preparation and planning, and details of how to migrate from start to finish, standalone and server farm.

Chapter 16, “Advanced Installation and Configuration”: Covering some of the more advanced configuration tasks and strategies, from network load balancing to creating external content types for Business Data Connectivity to configuring multi-tenancy. Do the fancy administrative tasks that others hesitate to do.

I have some extra material that, although not crucial to the book, I enjoyed writing and want to make available to you. The material is organized as two “bonus” chapters: “Web Parts, Lists, and Libraries; Extras, Tips, and Tricks” (otherwise known as Bonus Chapter 1), and Bonus Chapter 2, “ PowerShell Cmdlets and STSADM Operations at a Glance,” which is filled with convenient tables listing many PowerShell Cmdlets and their corresponding STSADM commands. These are yours, free of charge, so feel free to download them from www.sybex.com/go/masteringsharepointfoundation2010 at any time.

Behind the Scenes: The Making of Mastering Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2010

The writing of this book was done entirely on a 13" MacBook Pro, most of it on Server 2008 R2 (boot from VHD, dual boot with Windows 7). I used VMware vSphere client (all day, every day for about a year) to access the virtual machines I used to do steps and take all the screenshots in this book. I wrote the book using the portable apps version of Open Office Writer. I needed something portable since I was going to be moving between operating systems on my laptop, not to mention that it’s free, which is always good. For music, I used XMPlay and VLC media player. Although in the VMs themselves, all screenshots were taken with Snagit from TechSmith, I used Lightscreen for any screenshots I had to take from my desktop. For managing and viewing those screenshots, I used FastStone Image Viewer, an excellent product.

For those who like the nitty-gritty details, here is a rundown of the background of the book as far as network and resources go. The SharePoint network I used throughout the book was run in a set of VMs on a large Dell server running VMware ESXi that I happen to have in my home. My coauthors, technical editors, and some reviewers accessed virtual machines configured like my own using my ESXi server remotely. For the contributors, it was in order to have screenshots and step-by-step exercises that matched the domain, server, and user naming structure that I was using for the book. For the technical editor, it was to ensure he had all the resources he needed to edit every step in the book for technical accuracy. At times there were more than 30 VMs running simultaneously for the creation of this book, for one reason or another.

The network configuration for the book:

Internal Active Directory Domain: dem0tek.lcl

Email domain: dem0tek.lcl (with a brief foray into dem0tek.com for incoming email and alternate access mapping)

Servers:

RR1.dem0tek.lcl: This was the SQL 2008 server for SharePoint. For convenience sake, it was also the Routing and Remote Access Server for the virtual network.

DC1.dem0tek.lcl: This was the domain controller and the MailEnable email server. It also contained the shares used for backup and restores in Chapters 13 and 15.

SPF1.dem0tek.lcl: This was the first SharePoint server on the network. It was the Standalone installation server used in Chapter 2. I also reused it for the Office Web Apps installation in Chapter 16.

SPF2.dem0tek.lcl: This was the second SharePoint server on the network. This server is the one installed using the Server Farm, Complete installation and used RR1 for its SharePoint databases. Used for most of the book, it should become familiar to readers.

SPF3.dem0tek.lcl: This was the SharePoint server installed specifically to play second fiddle to SPF2. SPF3 was the server added to the SharePoint server farm in Chapter 16 to demonstrate load balancing and SharePoint services management.

In addition to the servers, for the chapters that required Office or SharePoint Designer, I used a VM running Windows 7 Ultimate, with Office 2010 Professional Plus, 32-bit, and SharePoint Designer 2010, 32-bit, installed.

There are a number of user accounts that show up throughout the book, but in fact there are numerous users for the dem0tek network that didn’t really get any recognition. Doing my best to create fictitious names that were truly fictitious, I created names in a few broad categories, most notably herbs and semiprecious stones (believe it or not). The herbs were, by and large, the information workers (although several of them, particularly Saffron, are power users). The semiprecious stones were staff and IT technicians. Because most of my work was done at the administrative level, I tended to log in as my SharePoint administration utility account, but there were other accounts available to log in with if necessary. You might recognize Saffron, Jasper, and Citrine when you see them.

So, now you know what was going on in the background during the writing of this book.

There’s SharePoint and There’s SharePoint

I tend to refer to SharePoint Foundation 2010 (or SPF) as “SharePoint” in this book for readability and convenience (because I am not fond of using the same long name or acronym over and over for more than a few hundred pages). However, it is important to point out that there are two kinds of SharePoint: SharePoint Foundation 2010 and SharePoint Server 2010. And because of that, you will see that I do use the full name, SharePoint Foundation, when I need to make it clear which kind of SharePoint I am referring to. It should stand to reason that I will otherwise default to SharePoint meaning SharePoint Foundation, since that is the topic of the book.

SharePoint Foundation is the newest version of a product previously called Windows SharePoint Services (that was confusingly referred to as Windows SharePoint Services, no matter what version it was). That version of SharePoint was called Windows SharePoint Services (WSS) because it was considered a Windows Server service or component. (The 2.0 version of Windows SharePoint Services was even available as a component under Add/Remove Programs for Server 2003 R2.) But between the release of WSS 3.0 and the start of the SharePoint Foundation beta, the product was moved from being a Windows Server service to a full-fledged member of the SharePoint Product family. And along with the move came a change in name—from Windows SharePoint Services to SharePoint Foundation.

As a Windows service, the single-server install of WSS 3.0 could use the free, robust Windows Internal Database (WID or SSEE, SQL Server Embedded Edition), which has no database size limits. But because SharePoint Foundation is no longer a Windows service, the standalone installation now has to rely on SQL Express 2008, with its 4GB database limit instead. This change seems counterintuitive; why is this an upgrade if the databases have a limit for the standalone installation that the previous version didn’t? But now you know why.

Along with the new name, SharePoint Foundation also got an overhaul of its infrastructure, adding service application capabilities (such as Business Data Connectivity) and other features, truly making it the foundation of the paid-for SharePoint Server 2010 product.

Let me step back and reiterate: There are two kinds of SharePoint. One is the free version, which contains all the fundamental functionality of SharePoint, known as SharePoint Foundation. And there is the paid-for version, SharePoint Server 2010. The paid-for version is essentially an add-on to the foundational version, adding numerous enterprise capabilities. Often those who use the paid-for version of SharePoint never realize that the features they use daily are not the parts they spent their money on.

Different Versions, Different Features

A number of good websites list exactly what capabilities are available with SharePoint Foundation vs. the SharePoint Server 2010 versions, Standard and Enterprise. You can find the list Microsoft offers (slightly slanted toward the Server product but still good) by doing a search for SharePoint 2010 edition comparison.

Just to be clear, using SharePoint Foundation and SharePoint Server 2010 is not entirely an either/or situation. They are basically two different products, but there is a relationship there.

SharePoint Foundation is free and is a complete product by itself. After it is installed, it will work perfectly fine on its own. However, if you buy and install SharePoint Server 2010, SharePoint Foundation is installed first and then SharePoint Server 2010 is installed on top of it (or as part of it; this is an automated part of the SharePoint Server 2010 installation). Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 requires SharePoint Foundation to be installed before it will even run.

So, SharePoint Foundation does not need SharePoint Server, but SharePoint Server does need SharePoint Foundation, because its functions are the foundation of all things SharePoint Server. When you pay for SharePoint Server 2010, you pay for the extras it offers in addition to the usefulness of SharePoint Foundation.

In addition to the two types of SharePoint, it bears mentioning that there is a 2010 version of SharePoint Designer as well. SharePoint Designer is a free-for-download, no-coding product meant to be used by administrators and designers to customize SharePoint (both Foundation and Server 2010). It is a single-purpose tool, meant only to work with the 2010 types of SharePoint, and it lets you enhance your SharePoint sites with additional custom workflows, web parts, and pages (or edit the ones you have), customize your sites, and create connections to external content using Business Data Connectivity service.

Anxiety, Trepidation, and Licensing

SharePoint Server 2010 requires a Standard Client Access License (CAL) for standard features, and to unlock the Enterprise features, it also requires an Enterprise CAL for each user. That’s two CALs for each user, plus the cost of SharePoint Server 2010.

SharePoint Foundation, however, is still considered to be a quasi-server component, because it uses Internet Information Services (IIS) to host its web applications, and IIS uses the server’s license model. No additional licensing is required (beyond the server CALs and the licensing for SQL).

There is one possible caveat. It’s something called an External Connector license and is required when external users are going to be authenticating to the domain and using SharePoint Foundation. In that case, the external user is using an account that is not a licensed account for that server or using a machine that is not licensed for server access, depending on the server’s licensing model. Since those users are not covered under the Server’s license, they must be covered elsewhere; thus, the External Connector license comes into play. (For SharePoint Server 2010, you purchase a license for SharePoint Server 2010 for Internet Sites, in either the Standard or Enterprise version.)

The External Connector license is a per-server license for Windows Server 2008 or 2008 R2. It is purchased per server, not per client. This means a server with this license can legally allow an unlimited number of external clients to authenticate and access its resources.

Keep in mind that a license is required for external users who are authenticating and using (that includes contributing or editing material) the resources on the SharePoint server. Because the SharePoint server is an IIS web server, there is no license required for users if they are accessing the server anonymously, such as someone who is only looking and doesn’t need to contribute to the site.

The scenario in which the External Connector license (or any other license) is required varies, so definitely contact Microsoft Licensing to see whether the External Connector license is a requirement for you.

That about covers it for where SharePoint comes from and what it’s capable of doing today. This book will cover the ins and outs of SharePoint Foundation to give you the best bang for your buck and the most information about what you can get out of the free version before you buy the expensive add-on.

The Mastering Series

The Mastering series from Sybex provides outstanding instruction for readers with intermediate and advanced skills, in the form of top-notch training and development for those already working in their field and clear, serious education for those aspiring to become pros. Every Mastering book features the following:

The Sybex “by professionals for professionals” commitment. Mastering authors are themselves practitioners, with plenty of credentials in their areas of specialty.

A practical perspective for a reader who already knows the basics—someone who needs solutions, not a primer.

Real World Scenarios, ranging from case studies to in-depth tips and tricks, that show how the tool, technique, or knowledge presented is applied in actual practice.

Skill-based instruction, with chapters organized around real tasks rather than abstract concepts or subjects.

Self-review test “Master It” problems and questions, so you can be certain you’re equipped to do the job right.

How to Contact the Author

For more information, questions, or suggestions, please feel free to email me at callahan@callahantech.com. I can be followed on Twitter by using cacallahan. I’ve also got a blog, if you’d like to stop by at http://servergrrl.blogspot.com that I created specifically to support this book (and the previous version). It is there that I will write all the stuff that I didn’t get a chance to here (including late-breaking information, such as changes caused by Service Packs, updates, and new server operating systems); add more concepts; fix any errata that may turn up (hey, we’re all human here); and more. And if this book ends up with another edition, you can hear about it there and even offer me suggestions as to what should be in it the next time around.

Sybex strives to keep you supplied with the latest tools and information you need for your work. Please check their website at www.sybex.com, where they’ll post additional content and updates that supplement this book if the need arises. Enter SharePoint Foundation in the Search box (or type the book’s ISBN—9780470626382 ), and click Go to get to the book’s update page.

Part 1

Preparing for Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2010

Chapter 1: SharePoint Foundation 2010 Under the Hood

Chapter 2: Installation Standalone

Chapter 3: Complete Installation

Chapter 1

SharePoint Foundation 2010 Under the Hood

SharePoint Foundation (SPF) is a nifty web-based collaboration, data management, communication, idea-creating, problem-solving tool that costs you nothing (assuming you already have a licensed server). SharePoint Foundation 2010 needs to run on Windows Server 2008 (Standard Service Pack 2 or higher).

SharePoint Foundation has its needs, its shortcomings, and its weaknesses, but overall, it is a surprisingly useful, flexible, and powerful web-based tool for any administrator. The best part is that using it doesn’t require any web development skills at all. As a matter of fact, this book is being written for IT admins specifically because they seem to be the people who are ultimately responsible for managing SharePoint, without really being trained for it. This book should help fill in some of those holes in training.

So, what is SharePoint? SharePoint comes in two flavors for the 2010 version: SharePoint Foundation 2010 (SharePoint Foundation) and Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 (SharePoint 2010). SharePoint Foundation is a free download and falls under the server’s license model. However, SharePoint 2010, which during installation installs SharePoint Foundation and then installs its added components, costs thousands of dollars (depending on volume license) and requires at least one Client Access License (CAL) for each user.

The free version doesn’t require separate CALs for each user (assuming each user already has a standard CAL for server access) and is the foundation for SharePoint. The paid-for version just adds more functionality to the foundation. So yes, SharePoint Foundation 2010 is free and (as the name implies) is the foundation for the more expensive SharePoint components.

What does SharePoint do? It presents a web interface for people to collaborate, communicate, and share data in an environment that is consistent, easy for administrators to control, designed to store data and documents, and very scalable. SharePoint can be installed on a single server, or it can be installed on numerous web front-end servers sharing the client load in what is called a SharePoint .

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!